tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48802023178846102502024-03-16T05:11:13.110+04:00abu dervishA blog on antiquities especially ancient manuscripts & coins, comparative religion, health and language. (Koleksi barang-barang antik terutamanya Quran antik & duit lama, perbandingan agama, kesihatan & bahasa )abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.comBlogger482125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-62259583126924797022023-08-27T01:20:00.003+04:002023-08-27T01:20:57.457+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 109 : Antique Malay Poems Jawi Plate / Pinggan Pantun (1819-1864 CE)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqntHmyWqPFsYqPDPsYGF9c4_FsRmSdDq5puTqKj1Utwp_4g2Cv9KDd5t0ZGkd34eiug1BtqczfPaIny_tzPnnh-6qCaQZGEE4blbLvg5UwAMTHMTP6NTRYGhjFFfDd7I9hmAplFGJ3tPuGi4tl4SQoc1Ou9kIxI7d5UXf_Au2uP6_SuJAibSegxiqz1D6/s1756/PINGGANPANTUN03A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1682" data-original-width="1756" height="614" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqntHmyWqPFsYqPDPsYGF9c4_FsRmSdDq5puTqKj1Utwp_4g2Cv9KDd5t0ZGkd34eiug1BtqczfPaIny_tzPnnh-6qCaQZGEE4blbLvg5UwAMTHMTP6NTRYGhjFFfDd7I9hmAplFGJ3tPuGi4tl4SQoc1Ou9kIxI7d5UXf_Au2uP6_SuJAibSegxiqz1D6/w640-h614/PINGGANPANTUN03A.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggrON2pV3q43NizfVZ4cHE4pfhAt3_wCfvQfcD7s1ImvEV1GqIh2XrTFVTDvfznoSrXABampVk0NhgTTS4kx8vnbihiipdltIKbNbyDt5jU4b128lx6iUl_n9axuyQNEcAZRnSKAofQ16EA4sqCGmI_zGJjhD7Uyoy9APIU3PIVaFhdPpzHhsSEp4AxVLg/s1863/PINGGANPANTUN03B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1854" data-original-width="1863" height="636" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggrON2pV3q43NizfVZ4cHE4pfhAt3_wCfvQfcD7s1ImvEV1GqIh2XrTFVTDvfznoSrXABampVk0NhgTTS4kx8vnbihiipdltIKbNbyDt5jU4b128lx6iUl_n9axuyQNEcAZRnSKAofQ16EA4sqCGmI_zGJjhD7Uyoy9APIU3PIVaFhdPpzHhsSEp4AxVLg/w640-h636/PINGGANPANTUN03B.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p>This is a priceless antique English plate decorated with Malay / Jawi motif & pantun (poems). This plate was manufactured by Williams Adams & Sons company sometime between 1819 CE to 1864 CE. This company was established in the early nineteenth century and great supplier of wares to India & the Far East. The trademark can be seen at the bottom of this plate, written W. Adams And Son under a medallion inside which is inscribed the name of the motif viz MALAY.</p><p>"The plate was printed using the process of transfer-printing, which was first used in England around 1750. The design is engraved on a metal plate, then impressed on a thin piece of paper, and transferred to the surface of the pottery or porcelain."</p><p><br /></p><p>The pantun inscribed on the rims written :</p><p><b>" Yang membuat namanya Adam,</b></p><p><b>wakilnya Tolson di Betawi,</b></p><p><b>Syair dan pantun banyaklah ragam,</b></p><p><b>Janganlah tuan kikir membeli"</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Anderson Tolson is probably a retailing firm in Batavia.</p><p>The pantun inscribed 4 lines in the centre written :</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Papan di tarah raja bangsawan</b></p><p><b>Laksamana mandi berdiri</b></p><p><b>Badan terserah padamu tuan</b></p><p><b>Tiada ke mana membawa diri</b></p><p><br /></p><p>There is an interesting research & article written by Henri Chambert-Loir from Almanac Indonesia & The Malay World in regards to the this type of plate. It was quite extensive research and dug further to its origin and its design. The handwriting print on this plate belongs to Khatib Muharis. Even though his name is not printed on this plate, there are others with the same handwriting bearing his name. Diameter of this plate is 22cm</p><p>In the book, Piring Puisi Melayu, Abu Muawiyah classified the piring as PPM-E3 on page 303.</p><p>See below link to see what else Dr Henri said about this plate writing tradition :</p><p><a href="https://www.ukm.my/news/Latest_News/pantun-on-antique-european-crockery-proof-of-western-interest-in-malay-literature/" target="_blank">Dr Henri talk on pinggan pantun</a></p><p>Similar plate was seen in Muzium Warisan Melayu UPM, check below link about this plate :</p><p><a href="http://translationfocus.blogspot.com/2016/01/pinggan-bertinta-pantun-pinggan.html" target="_blank">Pinggan Pantun in Muzium Warisan Melayu</a></p><p>I have quite similar design of this plate below :</p><p><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/08/ancient-artifact-review-99-antique.html" target="_blank">Pinggan Pantun</a></p><p>See below my other Malay Plate</p><p><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2012/07/ancient-artifact-review-05-antique.html" target="_blank">Pinggan Pantun</a></p><p>Reference :</p><p>Eating the text : English plates decorated with Malay poems, by Henri Chambert-Loir ( published in Indonesia & The Malay World 1994)</p><p>Piring Puisi Melayu, by Abu Muawiyah, Maktabah Nasir Addunya Waddin</p><p>Crescent Moon : Islamic Art & Civilisation South East Asia, pg 78</p>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-90653200749753128232023-07-19T18:01:00.001+04:002023-07-19T18:05:31.414+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 208 : Antique Quran Arabic Islamic Papyrus from Egypt ( 8th Century)<p> </p><p><br /></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPz9JRhgA3E6wIFTQhHem2u3Zu8BHZIrVmgjjvTQJZizl2UHD50DdQlZcP9b_fnZVirCTCwcDnM0bBgDNWEjXipAewGZTL7y7O3LM3kX0511M9QQP-GJjRmb4fSkVO-gKDwgUOA43vNMrZHCWOnMd8RiIyNQBS2PZw7qUCrBX7w5X1o91Umm-plvc-Tf2o/s2506/papyri01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="2506" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPz9JRhgA3E6wIFTQhHem2u3Zu8BHZIrVmgjjvTQJZizl2UHD50DdQlZcP9b_fnZVirCTCwcDnM0bBgDNWEjXipAewGZTL7y7O3LM3kX0511M9QQP-GJjRmb4fSkVO-gKDwgUOA43vNMrZHCWOnMd8RiIyNQBS2PZw7qUCrBX7w5X1o91Umm-plvc-Tf2o/w640-h294/papyri01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>This is a papyrus fragment written in Qurra ( Naskh) script in black ink. I couldn't decipher the content of this fragment. It is written in Arabic language and it could be Quranic or just Arabic document.Origin from Egypt and purchased from USA with COA. It is claimed from 8th Century CE based on the paleography and the medium</p><p>I don't have much information of this kind of manuscript and its writing tradition. I need to do more research on this manuscript and will update this entry later. I welcome any feedback on this fragment.</p><p><br /></p><p>Manuscript Specs</p><p><br /></p><p>Item : Islamic Papyus Manuscript</p><p>Content : Islamic / Quranic</p><p>Dim : 100mm x 95mm</p><p>Date : 8th century CE</p><p>Copyist : N/A</p><p>Origin : Egypr</p><p>Calligraphy : Qurra / Naskh</p><p>Design :</p><p>Purchased Price :US</p>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-12060672786764062882023-07-18T22:35:00.000+04:002023-07-18T22:35:10.368+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 108 : Antique Thai Silver Modesty Plate / Chainlink Mesh Caping/ Pubic Cover 19th Century CE<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8sKF2jLv9nVXlUS5o0FgTCzjFurgkAxkYczIRW79sw4DEEB8sIhoQ8PTQ6kOsllOfl-w0WxnPADgN7o4B62gxNbFjC6fa8YSjAjpCWCKZ_KprF-M6wcRk5VWW-GQfD07VczBMB6ZB12_J-zTVxq0WgGf6Y4ipUg-ccxckRf_GSvtJgO_O4-7qDbbcpEaC/s2484/ThaiModesty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2484" data-original-width="1908" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8sKF2jLv9nVXlUS5o0FgTCzjFurgkAxkYczIRW79sw4DEEB8sIhoQ8PTQ6kOsllOfl-w0WxnPADgN7o4B62gxNbFjC6fa8YSjAjpCWCKZ_KprF-M6wcRk5VWW-GQfD07VczBMB6ZB12_J-zTVxq0WgGf6Y4ipUg-ccxckRf_GSvtJgO_O4-7qDbbcpEaC/w492-h640/ThaiModesty.jpg" width="492" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>This is an interesting silver chain with shield shaped wire mesh modesty cover from Thailand. This chain was worn around the waist to cover private part of infant and young girls once they started walking until the age of 5 years old. Interestingly they did not wear anything else except this. </p><p>From my research, this caping was worn by young girls in Northen Thailand.</p><p>I bought this item in Thailand however I came across a website which claimed that this mesh cover was also worn by Muslim babies in Indonesia. Anybody can verify this?</p><p>The reason this item caught my attention as it bore resemblance purpose to the Malay modesty disc or Caping as below link :</p><p><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/04/ancient-artifact-review-67-antique.html" target="_blank">Malay Muslim Caping 01</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2014/08/ancient-artifact-review-25-antique.html" target="_blank">Malay Muslim Caping 02</a><br /></p><p>This chain has the length of 38cm whereas the chainlink plate has dimension of 8cm x 8cm</p>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-79410052676577383382023-06-10T19:10:00.000+04:002023-06-10T19:10:12.163+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 107 : Antique Islamic marble/ tile from Essaouira Morocco ( 19th Century) - بركة محمد (Barakah Muhammad ) <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUwlAB00eFy_AXvan2UErFHGbTYofbY6Ela6XosnLQ00yzgRtaXytApaPZfYdxF7czGcIGvHQiRGMTmeBWnsYo7Fdwlx6w-7xPAYTwoLlZUrin_KCTbUdFplVg1vKSAa6LxfEo4yv6v3e_WJkATuIYtJFDrtjrE1FDAXapfU1M7RXo_h3a-JDg9jG0Zw/s2119/20210814_021437.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2119" data-original-width="2107" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUwlAB00eFy_AXvan2UErFHGbTYofbY6Ela6XosnLQ00yzgRtaXytApaPZfYdxF7czGcIGvHQiRGMTmeBWnsYo7Fdwlx6w-7xPAYTwoLlZUrin_KCTbUdFplVg1vKSAa6LxfEo4yv6v3e_WJkATuIYtJFDrtjrE1FDAXapfU1M7RXo_h3a-JDg9jG0Zw/w636-h640/20210814_021437.jpg" width="636" /></a></div> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFlLukSPKUxx10Vq8wX4B5BNXMqIWsYLBPgi_ydcpO0LgcyZ5Wm4T4ol3JMR-cpSfCWx_69sLFXUjpJS-VXWawQeXfOZmvFZIr8DIJ3tIWyB21OquRgjX4jFFxk3E5tH9rIJseOj0rIsepsVuNTZKDE_LcP32KRluHBydjSYDAPB4Lae8_Dg_ToZFcQ/s2073/20210814_021417.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="2073" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibFlLukSPKUxx10Vq8wX4B5BNXMqIWsYLBPgi_ydcpO0LgcyZ5Wm4T4ol3JMR-cpSfCWx_69sLFXUjpJS-VXWawQeXfOZmvFZIr8DIJ3tIWyB21OquRgjX4jFFxk3E5tH9rIJseOj0rIsepsVuNTZKDE_LcP32KRluHBydjSYDAPB4Lae8_Dg_ToZFcQ/w400-h168/20210814_021417.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div>This is a rare marble slab from most likely the town of Essaouira, Morocco from 18-19th Century. The tile is made from white marble and inscribed with Arabic words, بركة محمد<p></p><p>The inscription looks like بركة محمد pronounced as Barakah Muhammad means blessing of Prophet Muhammad.</p><p>"Barakat Mohammed" is a sacred term for the inhabitants of Essaouira and you can find this inscription almost everywhere in the town.</p><p>The inhabitants of this town adorn their houses, shops, and building with this saacred inscription to invoke blessings.</p><p>The establishment of this type of tile dating from 18th century at the foundation of the town by the Sultan Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah al-Qatib ( Mohammed III c. 1710-1790), calling about divine protection of the town. He let build a fortress originally called Souira ("the small fortress"). Later the name was Es-Saouira ("the beautifully made, the picture") Today this town is called Essaouira.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFSgZ2Vz8E3GwHDvEUdjMD3v-nyiz4-SV4X3qNHyUf7t6BbxgyClYzLSmCO1drYE7W0e1NQm7ltC8FY_-0G-XHAiiI0JRekvBJNxqqUWLuU_-qBq2LZ0hpyh337ulREaLWi_oVeMyNfU3KE_ec2-VjGVwYRgyVdVfzepfvGbyXrxWvuVGFP6YNCdp3Og/s583/soukjdidbarakat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="583" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFSgZ2Vz8E3GwHDvEUdjMD3v-nyiz4-SV4X3qNHyUf7t6BbxgyClYzLSmCO1drYE7W0e1NQm7ltC8FY_-0G-XHAiiI0JRekvBJNxqqUWLuU_-qBq2LZ0hpyh337ulREaLWi_oVeMyNfU3KE_ec2-VjGVwYRgyVdVfzepfvGbyXrxWvuVGFP6YNCdp3Og/w640-h480/soukjdidbarakat.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Notice the "</span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Barakat Mohammed</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">" plate on the wall upper right (</span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Souk el Jdid</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>Compare with my other similar tile but for Jews and inscribed in Hebrew</p><p><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2019/05/ancient-artifact-review-104-antique.html" target="_blank">Jewish Tile Barak</a></p><p>Artifact Specs :</p><p>Item : Marble Tile</p><div style="text-align: left;">Content : بركة محمد (Barakah Muhammad ) means blessing of Prophet Muhammad.<br />Dim : 13.5cm x 13.5cm x 2cm<br />Date : 19th Century CE<br />Purchased Price :<br />Reference : Pottery from Morocco 19th-20th Century</div>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-86431519605877568052023-06-10T17:51:00.003+04:002023-06-10T17:51:27.932+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 207 : Antique Ottoman Era document / Letter ( 1267 AH / 1851 CE)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgMLAVu5lR30D_YPc4RcZKi7-DZNRZxwi2ybwErCvCW6jGE_6B-ATAO1eSCQDHk496rvsweXArewdLwQf2XkiELrns7sAbgY97LN434u0Lph6xBkHGzy4RGyH64z7W0vw0GMct0APvn8k5Xkh9FUO9Qx55qRdGOHaBa3Kdv3aH3PdSw8qWzeUA3H9UQ/s2062/20210814_023234.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1470" data-original-width="2062" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgMLAVu5lR30D_YPc4RcZKi7-DZNRZxwi2ybwErCvCW6jGE_6B-ATAO1eSCQDHk496rvsweXArewdLwQf2XkiELrns7sAbgY97LN434u0Lph6xBkHGzy4RGyH64z7W0vw0GMct0APvn8k5Xkh9FUO9Qx55qRdGOHaBa3Kdv3aH3PdSw8qWzeUA3H9UQ/w640-h456/20210814_023234.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLbXza246uiE26g6Cxac5DsOGplJLTMskcuji0iiQi5PzvLr75dWNAEmtj3h927pSs1oH9UK_Tjp2SPRXPXXVX_e6MUpPZNNEZu1YcrD4Z0ia-yBePGCPHRlLN6hWWMzPCg5Ic0aTZAo-5g6hZ5vonNT-NJxHfWXq01wDkOunRHcNGqu3cJlqudgCmoQ/s2611/20210814_023137.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="970" data-original-width="2611" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLbXza246uiE26g6Cxac5DsOGplJLTMskcuji0iiQi5PzvLr75dWNAEmtj3h927pSs1oH9UK_Tjp2SPRXPXXVX_e6MUpPZNNEZu1YcrD4Z0ia-yBePGCPHRlLN6hWWMzPCg5Ic0aTZAo-5g6hZ5vonNT-NJxHfWXq01wDkOunRHcNGqu3cJlqudgCmoQ/w400-h149/20210814_023137.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAiTHS6P5lxDpwqqrC582kD1O0Mik4GvT1g7BlRUAqfRuC9dqorG4Ruu3LqiogRT9Xxa1CkKEfe6FFUsH2VkXLmRyAWEqYR2ZTOUVN3lxeyzYvv6C9T-nFNAIris9mMS4nwa51OBHrG_jkF9hP4VQFqiWg35n8PoBgGx3vnCkXRnhWm-VqFwNxEmkmOw/s3050/20210814_023020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3050" data-original-width="2183" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAiTHS6P5lxDpwqqrC582kD1O0Mik4GvT1g7BlRUAqfRuC9dqorG4Ruu3LqiogRT9Xxa1CkKEfe6FFUsH2VkXLmRyAWEqYR2ZTOUVN3lxeyzYvv6C9T-nFNAIris9mMS4nwa51OBHrG_jkF9hP4VQFqiWg35n8PoBgGx3vnCkXRnhWm-VqFwNxEmkmOw/w286-h400/20210814_023020.jpg" width="286" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjspqiEM-kpQTS5pmt_CkoAVqGsCxIiIbmJ_IkWuTabh-PHEyxWDyZVaQnQBWvSrzEuiS29s6QrMwJlk6zVgYlnuU4SmuAkxyLRmgi-0oGdgVJNiNYiB8lU_kXhh7vosxq4gdND7SGxd8wl67mTIZN-MlxDmSdoChYMZ1V-eZq2d41EIXcED6COWqIZxg/s3115/20210814_023032.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3115" data-original-width="2129" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjspqiEM-kpQTS5pmt_CkoAVqGsCxIiIbmJ_IkWuTabh-PHEyxWDyZVaQnQBWvSrzEuiS29s6QrMwJlk6zVgYlnuU4SmuAkxyLRmgi-0oGdgVJNiNYiB8lU_kXhh7vosxq4gdND7SGxd8wl67mTIZN-MlxDmSdoChYMZ1V-eZq2d41EIXcED6COWqIZxg/w274-h400/20210814_023032.jpg" width="274" /></a></div><br /><p>This is a document written in old Turkish. The document was originally folded and sealed. I couldn't figure out what type of document this is. It could be a legal document or a personal ones. The letter is written in Riqaah script in black. It was signed and dated 1267 AH ( 1851 CE). There is a watermark "Al Masso". According to my research, the paper is from Italian paper mill belongs to Marcos Antonio Portugal operating from 1762 to 1830 CE.</p><p>I don't have much information of this kind of manuscript and its writing tradition. I need to do more research on this manuscript and will update this entry later. I welcome any feedback on this letter.</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">My other similar document is in below link</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2013/12/ancient-manuscript-review-127-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 01</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2015/12/ancient-manuscript-review-173-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 02</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/02/ancient-manuscript-review-183-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 03</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/05/ancient-manuscript-review-189-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 04</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/05/ancient-manuscript-review-191-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 05</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/07/ancient-manuscript-review-196-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 06</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.com/2016/08/ancient-manuscript-review-199-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 07</a><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2018/02/ancient-manuscript-review-204-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 08</a></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2021/08/ancient-manuscript-review-206-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 09</a></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">Manuscript Specs</span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Item : Ottoman document<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Content : Unknown<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dim : 220mm x 160mm<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Date : 1267 AH<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Copyist : indechiperable<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Origin : Turkey<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Calligraphy : Riqaah<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Design :<br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Purchased Price :US</span></div>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-52245060654152594532023-06-10T17:10:00.003+04:002023-06-10T17:57:01.675+04:00Ancient Coin Review 121 : Rare coin of King of Axum , Armah ( 614-631 CE) or King Najashi who helped Muslims/Prophet Companions first immigration to Abyssinia in 615 CE<p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9k40LUcA7gBmUcQQ2mBh3XLpaf9c8LhXfz2uJdlM2bbHdsGJYLVauwvnfnGbRKBo4dHo2Kyy5RTjlDGZ7aAcOzIHmhX5eKBcWB90lHAll3mkqpFWDf99aeXsjKkMC-VVyxYTBe5e4kFicT6P166cZS-c0tdqzFksjeK8kNDLNc8vLF3R2IzeRt8TpkA/s2332/Najashi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1199" data-original-width="2332" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9k40LUcA7gBmUcQQ2mBh3XLpaf9c8LhXfz2uJdlM2bbHdsGJYLVauwvnfnGbRKBo4dHo2Kyy5RTjlDGZ7aAcOzIHmhX5eKBcWB90lHAll3mkqpFWDf99aeXsjKkMC-VVyxYTBe5e4kFicT6P166cZS-c0tdqzFksjeK8kNDLNc8vLF3R2IzeRt8TpkA/w640-h329/Najashi.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />This is a coin from the era of king of Axum / Aksum know as Armah or Ashamah Ibn Abjar or Najashi. He ruled Kingdom of Aksum in Abyssinia from 614 - 631 CE.<div><br /></div><div><div>Obverse</div><div>King Najashi seated and crowned holding a long cross. King Armah in Ge'ez</div><div><br /></div><div>Reverse</div><div><br /></div><div>Cross framed by 2 stalks of grain. Let there be joy to the people (in Ge'ez)</div></div><div><br /><p></p><p>The kingdom of Axum in a nutshell was an isolated and independent Christian kingdom in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea that survived from the 1st century AD to approx. the 9th century AD. They existed on equal footing with the the empires of the day. Rome, Persia and China. At some point they conquered the Himyarite Confederacy, in what is now Yemen, and absorbed the Sabean culture. They maintained strong ties with the Byzantine Empire until ultimately being cut off from trade by the Arab conquests of the surrounding area, and Axum fell into decline. The Kingdom of Axum is the proposed home of the Ark of the Covenant and the legendary home of the Queen of Sheba. The Axumite Monarchy was established based on a genealogical relationship with the King Solomon of Judea and the Queen of Sheba.</p><div>During his reign, the Muslims in Mecca faced severe persecutions by the polythiests and Prophet Muhammad ( PBUH) has allowed his followers to make the first migration to Abyssinia to save their faith and life. This Muslim emigrants were led by Jaafar bin Abu Talib in 615 CE.</div><p>When the polythiests from Mecca came to retrieve the Muslims, King Najashi refused to surrender them. </p><p>Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) after the Hudaibiyah Treaty in 6 AH ( 628 CE), sent letters to leading kings and rulers of the region inviting them to Islam. Amr bin Umayyah Dhimri was delegated to the court of Habesha. King Najashi received the letter with great honor, touched it with his eyes and read it. He came down from the throne and sat on the ground to show his humbleness and high respect for the Prophet of Allah. Later he asked the letter to be preserved in an ivory casket.</p><p>The king wrote back saying”...I testify that you are the Messenger of Allah, true and confirming those before you. I have given my allegiance to you and to your brother (i.e. Jafar) and I have surrendered myself through him to the Lord of the Worlds.”</p><p>Muslim emigrants returned with Jafar to Madinah when the Prophet (peace be upon him) conquered Khyber. They thanked King Najashi for his good protection and hospitality provided to them. When King Najashi expired in 631 CE the Prophet (peace be upon him) offered his funeral prayer in absentia, in Madinah. He is buried at a place called Najash in Ethiopia.</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-O2nQdA6Jrti3Tv0h13UJfjottGcr1kQSD2AT9-hUerhsUCPfDVN0UPeS3k4YeHgKMcjw55yC_pzrhF1Hll9zjj0uwxhYFIkTxzUnyMmackYcf1L-IwBKrZnzvEDUMEv6w696Gfl_21iFWru3xvFQKI8iZi5nfa-983LmztLdjKnl1v3BZgsqAjvgAw/s630/letterNajashi.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="630" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-O2nQdA6Jrti3Tv0h13UJfjottGcr1kQSD2AT9-hUerhsUCPfDVN0UPeS3k4YeHgKMcjw55yC_pzrhF1Hll9zjj0uwxhYFIkTxzUnyMmackYcf1L-IwBKrZnzvEDUMEv6w696Gfl_21iFWru3xvFQKI8iZi5nfa-983LmztLdjKnl1v3BZgsqAjvgAw/s320/letterNajashi.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prophet's Letter to Najashi</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoaQKMuHbpYNBMMD4Q6vgagre38weIqUeDlKlvzArMOr15PH3xFMSctt9MmOFTg6ZIaRxasUTuwTjLEqFVEqsHs1aSu4O5vNeuSLyqk4brosd5RZJq06AoBMCE03ChsC4iW70R4mW4hFA3lJrCpnYL0-9tWCsp5xQKiWiC_XKFAeXkhsWizlyKXICBg/s580/najashi%20tomb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="580" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoaQKMuHbpYNBMMD4Q6vgagre38weIqUeDlKlvzArMOr15PH3xFMSctt9MmOFTg6ZIaRxasUTuwTjLEqFVEqsHs1aSu4O5vNeuSLyqk4brosd5RZJq06AoBMCE03ChsC4iW70R4mW4hFA3lJrCpnYL0-9tWCsp5xQKiWiC_XKFAeXkhsWizlyKXICBg/w320-h194/najashi%20tomb.jpg" title="Najshi Tomb" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Najashi Tomb</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p><br /></p><div style="text-align: left;">Date ......... 614-631 CE<br />Ruler........... King Armah, Najashi<br />Condition.............. VF<br />Approx. diameter............. 18 mm<br />Approx. weight in grams............... 1.55 grams<br />Material....................bronze<br />Rarity.......................................scarce<br />Reference : Munro-Hay Type 153; BMC Aksum 573</div><p><br /></p></div>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-77960631208089982582021-08-29T00:30:00.007+04:002021-08-29T00:32:14.981+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 206 : Antique Ottoman Era document / Letter ( 1248 AH / 1833 CE)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVm4BssEIsZKRymOlaeUwVRzgcNdR1aQcKm1s6sSkC6RCiNhmw08w-769o4kF48QjSjqXrfqwu3w7ZqL_9LWlWarqi6Z4XKrsm-zFVLpL-jMbP2oxzcHxpAKfGptPYbVNONQcdcrj4xR9l/s1605/20210814_022926.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="1605" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVm4BssEIsZKRymOlaeUwVRzgcNdR1aQcKm1s6sSkC6RCiNhmw08w-769o4kF48QjSjqXrfqwu3w7ZqL_9LWlWarqi6Z4XKrsm-zFVLpL-jMbP2oxzcHxpAKfGptPYbVNONQcdcrj4xR9l/w640-h460/20210814_022926.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiollJhX1LdiQIDhqdYWGF8jIVt7ENtrZwprh8SdjFe71dJCggw7-o57DTOwZWIi0x91lD2NAul97rSczs2EowR0j-z4NJguQfrW49Pg_QxKqfLBsMJJJO_XDIkFBhFqLdL9EnOlsKP4t79/s2048/20210814_022823.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1402" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiollJhX1LdiQIDhqdYWGF8jIVt7ENtrZwprh8SdjFe71dJCggw7-o57DTOwZWIi0x91lD2NAul97rSczs2EowR0j-z4NJguQfrW49Pg_QxKqfLBsMJJJO_XDIkFBhFqLdL9EnOlsKP4t79/w274-h400/20210814_022823.jpg" width="274" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7foatr0DJNZ2RMrZA4cMWRfDb0QDE8dcqZ-hEZu1z2P2cByFtRmPLHAD0lPDsbL9dBXq7OKEye-xeqCHVjAuh3wbnwKDpoAGxtAN5FtoTLYtRcbXYSkhRqlmZr7ffKsy9r47MD7T4USU/s2048/20210814_022841.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1525" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp7foatr0DJNZ2RMrZA4cMWRfDb0QDE8dcqZ-hEZu1z2P2cByFtRmPLHAD0lPDsbL9dBXq7OKEye-xeqCHVjAuh3wbnwKDpoAGxtAN5FtoTLYtRcbXYSkhRqlmZr7ffKsy9r47MD7T4USU/w298-h400/20210814_022841.jpg" width="298" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">This is a document written in old Turkish. The document was
originally folded and sealed. I couldn't figure out what type of document this
is. It could be a legal document or a personal ones. The letter is
written in Riqaah script in black. It was signed and dated 1248 AH ( 1833 CE)<br />
I don't have much information of this kind of manuscript and its writing
tradition. I need to do more research on this manuscript and will update this
entry later. I welcome any feedback on this letter.<br />
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">My other similar document is in
below link<br />
<span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2013/12/ancient-manuscript-review-127-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 01</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2015/12/ancient-manuscript-review-173-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 02</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/02/ancient-manuscript-review-183-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 03</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/05/ancient-manuscript-review-189-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 04</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/05/ancient-manuscript-review-191-antique.html">Ottoman
Letter 05</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/07/ancient-manuscript-review-196-antique.html">Ottoman
Letter 06</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/08/ancient-manuscript-review-199-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 07</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2018/02/ancient-manuscript-review-204-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 08</a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br />
<br />
Manuscript Specs<br />
<br />
Item : Ottoman document<br />
Content : Unknown<br />
Dim : 220mm x 160mm<br />
Date : 1248 AH<br />
Copyist : indechiperable<br />
Origin : Turkey<br />
Calligraphy : Riqaah<br />
Design :<br />
Purchased Price :US<o:p></o:p></p><p><br /></p>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-53520970144927547522021-08-29T00:00:00.006+04:002021-08-29T00:09:26.447+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 106 : Antique Ottoman Sufi Plate dated 1290 AH ( 1873 CE)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhij7tPIkeWNTtUo0HRFZ_mn-WmH9vi-7NnhV71fivzTd5iq7QxDkhOMPpVMI3BBi9F-U_0TYFxuGy9NJE4NBZuFiwSk6MD0WnYeIJECPiPp_K_OPID9o-CkH5gx8CyruxogMzu9hFmqALM/s2048/20210828_232226-01.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhij7tPIkeWNTtUo0HRFZ_mn-WmH9vi-7NnhV71fivzTd5iq7QxDkhOMPpVMI3BBi9F-U_0TYFxuGy9NJE4NBZuFiwSk6MD0WnYeIJECPiPp_K_OPID9o-CkH5gx8CyruxogMzu9hFmqALM/w640-h640/20210828_232226-01.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XRZeDAN8EfkH8UWdiWcoSbmP1kiuyUgMJ5aP3GR7WmQDsr1-TdyGXm3lLoJs5iksYftzFYtNu9f26D_3F7dNME-bQJ272i3Rij7zBdxvtzv3nBBBVPnXA0pCzVtrZvrtGlIUfqfACmaq/s2048/20210828_232235-01.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-XRZeDAN8EfkH8UWdiWcoSbmP1kiuyUgMJ5aP3GR7WmQDsr1-TdyGXm3lLoJs5iksYftzFYtNu9f26D_3F7dNME-bQJ272i3Rij7zBdxvtzv3nBBBVPnXA0pCzVtrZvrtGlIUfqfACmaq/s320/20210828_232235-01.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>This is a large plate with Arabic calligraphy dated 1290 AH ( 1873 CE)</p><p>The arabic calligraphy is Thuluth style and with mirror image of لا اله الا هو ( There is no God except HIM). Also with date 1290 AH.</p><p>The calligraphy and the rim pattern were executed in a brown pigment with yellow base.</p><p>Item : An Ottoman plate with Arabic calligraphy</p><p>Content : Mirror image of لا اله الا هو</p><p>DIM : 30cm x 5xm</p>abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-85943362088143971382019-11-25T22:56:00.003+04:002023-07-18T21:42:42.146+04:00Ancient Coin Review 120 : Rare Cockerel Perched on 10 Rings Currency of Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah ( Kedah Sultanate 1710 - 1773 CE)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLjRxyTpDEDCRPXp2kWsX1jB0Y0nOKoHjdBKmBQGX5wgmnqPeYtDVDuUobLVxI7adVToSKt4egF9UsqxajIrZnhQQCpoG-_fCUl0v10HrpwttRzQ9rbiUVO5HjZkpGj7KaVeRytMjfArVg_5BfrnZ93O0gY2rE7vmsB9D-u346RbDlZZxDVstYK9nn-9UR/s3217/20220412_112151.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3217" data-original-width="1021" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLjRxyTpDEDCRPXp2kWsX1jB0Y0nOKoHjdBKmBQGX5wgmnqPeYtDVDuUobLVxI7adVToSKt4egF9UsqxajIrZnhQQCpoG-_fCUl0v10HrpwttRzQ9rbiUVO5HjZkpGj7KaVeRytMjfArVg_5BfrnZ93O0gY2rE7vmsB9D-u346RbDlZZxDVstYK9nn-9UR/w204-h640/20220412_112151.jpg" width="204" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">This is a very rare Cockerel-shaped tin coin of Kedah Sultanate. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">This coin is in the shape of a fighting cockerel perched on a number of rings attached to its base. In this specimen, 10 rings are attached to its base.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">See picture below to understand how the cockerel money looks like.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #ffe1db; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><br />
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipalb6dWihCHDy0AnXHCNQ28WtOkhd53z7NF0xgg7MTDmJ2MFCqSEDu18NUEOMqcKQ4qkxRnTHlzzMZ1NrpKM8sUZVpXlFHiMwI0wNySF5NLD3lh2_AX_aH3Cbnr76YH9sP33-5UjW5Nr5/s1600/cockerel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="562" height="586" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipalb6dWihCHDy0AnXHCNQ28WtOkhd53z7NF0xgg7MTDmJ2MFCqSEDu18NUEOMqcKQ4qkxRnTHlzzMZ1NrpKM8sUZVpXlFHiMwI0wNySF5NLD3lh2_AX_aH3Cbnr76YH9sP33-5UjW5Nr5/s640/cockerel.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><br />
<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">According to The Encyclopedia of the Coins of Malaysia Singapore & Brunei, the cockerel itself worths 5 cents of the Spanish Dollar with each ring carries 1 cent in value. The rings were broken off for a small purchase of a few cents.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">This type of currency was first regulated during the time of Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah reigning Kedah from 1710CE to 1773 CE. They were still in circulation till mid 19th Century.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Kedah is located in the northwestern part of Peninsular of Malaysia. The name of Kedah originated from the Sanskrit word Kadaram. It is also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Aman ( Abode of Peace). The sultanate was the earliest one on the Malay Peninsular as well as one of the oldest Sultanate in the world.</div><div><br /></div>
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px; text-align: center;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kedah001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgNLxfBet1ysLsYGMfY3z85P5ZaCcqeg6i4hREgDRbIAntzGdmKqn058Fd96qtgQtFJnpandbgTrEVWvcAHVRr8qJFyILKPkxIb1o8ukekoI4WhxedrN5-f9Le2-3XvO8Apuwgs_fcOO_TbHzxnrB75fXKpJ9T3ptl0JBY89SYimkEbeS_GDF47N9JuHYpOuibquzg=s0-d" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="200" /></span></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">The kingdom began in 630CE as a Hindu Kingdom which the first king was Maharaja Derbar Raja who originally a defeated Persian king of Gemeron ( Bandar Abbas) who fled to Kedah. The people of Kedah found him to be a very smart & tactical man, so they entrusted him to lead them as the king of Kedah. </div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">This kingdom is a Hindu kingdom however I couldnt find in any history book in regards to the faith of Maharaja Derbar Raja. In 630 CE, Gemeron is part of Sassanian Kingdom which Zoroastrian is the main religion.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Towards the end of 11th century, the 9th Kedah Hindu king, Dubar Raja II renounced Hinduism and conerted to Islam. He adpoted an Islamic name, Sultan Muzafar Shah and continued ruling Kedah from 1136 to 1179 CE. This sultanate continues to rule till today.</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">This mean the present Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Halim Muzaffar Shah has a direct link back to not just the first Kedah Sultan, Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1136CE) but also to the first Hindu Sultan , Maharaja Derbar Raja ( 630CE). Try to imagine someone with unbroken family lineage since 630CE till now. Unbelievable!!</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Weight :TBA gm</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Dim : 15cm x 4cm</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Rarity : RRR</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Denom : 10 cincin = 10 cents, cockerel = 5 cents</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Material : Tin</div><div dir="ltr" trbidi="on">Reference : Saran's SS20 , pg 260</div><div><br /></div></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-40559671900856039452019-11-24T01:03:00.001+04:002019-11-25T23:02:01.635+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 105 : Antique Gold Embroidery Persian Wall Hanger with Kufi Calligraphy ( 19th Century)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW5UlGuUphd4dacnPyH_0gQjABmFxfjGG-dVst-J-sj-URiYqhR5qRXUyJNHv4MkypWvakysc7puGqhWVkPY0UgqtIt_FFAb2hiYAc2jlPlqSHLoAWQf4zgc3ZZ24mN0MR1oPkv-C_XSMf/s1600/PicsArt_11-24-12.49.08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="802" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW5UlGuUphd4dacnPyH_0gQjABmFxfjGG-dVst-J-sj-URiYqhR5qRXUyJNHv4MkypWvakysc7puGqhWVkPY0UgqtIt_FFAb2hiYAc2jlPlqSHLoAWQf4zgc3ZZ24mN0MR1oPkv-C_XSMf/s640/PicsArt_11-24-12.49.08.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitqnKBC-I8f8YSjeNR7CKzX0-dVqJ3vwz1WJUaOWyC99u21NF5nlzCjGeei77rGKoYcYpdeuP_U72QKodzrPOm7fiIFCeGL8-WSxGtGS7ix2SSLeVr7JBcquQPHXzfWxqEPt4kiEZjKbYY/s1600/PicsArt_11-24-12.23.59.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1600" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitqnKBC-I8f8YSjeNR7CKzX0-dVqJ3vwz1WJUaOWyC99u21NF5nlzCjGeei77rGKoYcYpdeuP_U72QKodzrPOm7fiIFCeGL8-WSxGtGS7ix2SSLeVr7JBcquQPHXzfWxqEPt4kiEZjKbYY/s640/PicsArt_11-24-12.23.59.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTtpHVETEbQbfQRXv5KHIXBeJ0pBtjBgc2VwCdoyDclKQrvf2V4fmZnnvSUTFoWM7vD9ElwJ9C1Bu2u-Z8dNo55g3uOaarIVVlGCIT9cNAGVhaSa1F5280hmPJ2yCP1BymI3yPE-oUzX35/s1600/PicsArt_11-24-12.21.25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="1600" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTtpHVETEbQbfQRXv5KHIXBeJ0pBtjBgc2VwCdoyDclKQrvf2V4fmZnnvSUTFoWM7vD9ElwJ9C1Bu2u-Z8dNo55g3uOaarIVVlGCIT9cNAGVhaSa1F5280hmPJ2yCP1BymI3yPE-oUzX35/s640/PicsArt_11-24-12.21.25.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;">This is a very large and long embroided wall hanger originated from Iran. Arabic prayer emroided in Kufi script across the panel. I will update further on the content of this calligraphy later.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;" />
<br style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;" />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;">Item : Embroided Kufi Wall Hanger</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;">Date : 1900 CE </span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;">Dim : 600mm x 1300mm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.524px;">Design : Arabic Prayer or excerpts from Al Quran embroided in Kufi script</span></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-24445459091543606492019-05-21T18:55:00.002+04:002019-05-21T18:55:58.878+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 205 : Antique Malay jawi Handwritten Manuscript ( 18th Century) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnO3lmHhs5hY2Mbivg41B7I6JUhCNwruLoDUaGMVjW3dFVbzkXKflA-yNWKIvTUz-srePxIBpyld1QNjjykHJZYNL26jXzxwOhwunBosSbJ4xqKEgEYIa-Dv7a3F3auGV0f2_3hug5mEyT/s1600/BB082i.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="533" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnO3lmHhs5hY2Mbivg41B7I6JUhCNwruLoDUaGMVjW3dFVbzkXKflA-yNWKIvTUz-srePxIBpyld1QNjjykHJZYNL26jXzxwOhwunBosSbJ4xqKEgEYIa-Dv7a3F3auGV0f2_3hug5mEyT/s640/BB082i.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRyrdKkfJngg328BWqOI0loHYWtTtRxavjMSpgvJctxIR6OmIapVp9f_THpBQWB1SAO9dBIrbXIjofRJt8GTGNZUMDiIDFnBbzg9NEx7EXODNPFsQ-HRNizpIhny8vVOaq2RAQ5qiO6zLA/s1600/BB082j.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="533" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRyrdKkfJngg328BWqOI0loHYWtTtRxavjMSpgvJctxIR6OmIapVp9f_THpBQWB1SAO9dBIrbXIjofRJt8GTGNZUMDiIDFnBbzg9NEx7EXODNPFsQ-HRNizpIhny8vVOaq2RAQ5qiO6zLA/s640/BB082j.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5v1VLe3vBOkb_E9gz9jpbBX5BR5KvtulGyVl0JjPVLpoaaUX1EsHmLq97OR9ZV-ljdWFGbSAg14UZYm0Y2o4MbFH8kL0b_KQc9t_eBwWcVNahBkUgQKBVMcKCBd2Sx78FlJl0S0R31S0h/s1600/BB082k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="400" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5v1VLe3vBOkb_E9gz9jpbBX5BR5KvtulGyVl0JjPVLpoaaUX1EsHmLq97OR9ZV-ljdWFGbSAg14UZYm0Y2o4MbFH8kL0b_KQc9t_eBwWcVNahBkUgQKBVMcKCBd2Sx78FlJl0S0R31S0h/s320/BB082k.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
This is a large manuscript without cover written in Malay language in Jawi. Acquired from Sarawak Borneo.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Manuscript Specs</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Item : Antique Malay Islamic Jurisprudence</div>
<div>
Manuscript Content : Islamic Jurisprudence</div>
<div>
DIM : 35cm x 20cm</div>
<div>
Date : 18th Century CE</div>
<div>
Copyist : anonymous</div>
<div>
Origin : South East Asia</div>
<div>
Calligraphy : Malay -Naskh</div>
<div>
Design : Written in Malay-Naskh scripts in black and red</div>
<div>
Purchased Price : USD</div>
</div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-28781624721481068042019-05-21T02:44:00.001+04:002019-05-21T02:59:34.992+04:00Antique Coin Review 119 : Pohon Katun ( Hexagonal Tin Cash tree) - 16th Century of Johor Sultanate <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiqsMHW37N1OF4jZaaqtoVJMfheuEDZPVhBZWKgxs9rG4c53lR-y_csqZKJcVZebTTCRPlqLAJ4gxFZAduS29lYQXCZG8z-7LbCAFzyFu3ONKIBI-S6YurYf7A3vM5XIMtmMrYak-HGfmF/s1600/PohonPitis01a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="529" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiqsMHW37N1OF4jZaaqtoVJMfheuEDZPVhBZWKgxs9rG4c53lR-y_csqZKJcVZebTTCRPlqLAJ4gxFZAduS29lYQXCZG8z-7LbCAFzyFu3ONKIBI-S6YurYf7A3vM5XIMtmMrYak-HGfmF/s640/PohonPitis01a.jpg" width="210" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">This
is a complete “tree” of coins from Johore Empire Era ( 16th-19th Century).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
J</span><span lang="EN" style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">ohor is located in the
southern tip of Peninsular of Malaysia as well as the most southern
point of the Asian Continent. The name of Johor originated from the
Arabic word Jawhar which means jewel. It is also known by its Arabic
honorific, Darul Takzim ( Abode of Dignity).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span><span lang="EN" style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">The
Sultanate of Johor was founded by Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II , the
son of exiled last Sultan of Malacca ( Sultan Mahmud Shah) in 1528 CE.
Johor was part of Malaccan Sultanate prior to Malacca occupation by
Portuguese in 1511 CE.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; clear: both; color: #ffe1db; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ty6MdGD38XA24pmm40FsiRVB4Mw5SYLQlLEZ6BYFuASB5RPr-PHwnNuGWrE9FmcZgM5uCyqVMbfJK5r-b4lcxPmtghCLNGaW0nvDZi1aIAFsPkIDbcEdKEU1Ktqj-k0C9ZmAP0STRhFr/s1600/British_Malaya_circa_1922.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #ff9f73; margin-left: 13.53px; margin-right: 13.53px; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="549" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ty6MdGD38XA24pmm40FsiRVB4Mw5SYLQlLEZ6BYFuASB5RPr-PHwnNuGWrE9FmcZgM5uCyqVMbfJK5r-b4lcxPmtghCLNGaW0nvDZi1aIAFsPkIDbcEdKEU1Ktqj-k0C9ZmAP0STRhFr/s640/British_Malaya_circa_1922.PNG" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 159, 115); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(255, 159, 115); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 159, 115); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 159, 115); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;" width="560" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
This is a rare piece as I haven’t seen
such a thing in Malaysian museums yet ( probably I haven’t explored
enough). </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Let me provide some insights of this “tree”. During the era
of Johor Sultanate, tin coins or “Katuns” as they were known, were
minted in a variety of shapes and sizes for use in the local markets.
Some of these circular, others hexagonal or octagonal. A few of them
carried full inscriptions indicating that they were intended for Johor,
but the majority were inscribed only with the title such as “ Malik Al
Adil” ( The Just King).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; clear: both; color: #ffe1db; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
This tree was moulded by pouring molten tin
though an opening in a mould which runs along a central channel into the
side branches and finally into the coin moulds where the katun were
cast. After the metal had cooled and hardened, the katuns were broken
off and the excess metal of the central stem and brances was re smelted
for further use.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Comparing this coins’ tree with my other katuns, I
could match this katun with type C katun, hexagonal and class V as
outlined in Saran Singh’s The Encyclopaedia of The Coins of Malaysia
Singapore & Brunei, page 124 ( SS32A). The obverse has a large central dot surrounded by dots ( total 7 dots) whereas the
reverse of this katun is blank. It has hexagonal shape with plain edge and typical
weight of 1.09 gm each. Diameter range from 16-17mm. Some of them look round in shape. Made of tin and RRRR if with the tree.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
The other katun tree from the same empire has an S shape as if a kris whereas this one is straight like a tree. Check my other coin tree at</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2017/12/antique-coin-review-117-pohon-katun.html" target="_blank">Johor Katun Tree Flower</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span><a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2010/01/ancient-coin-review-03-pohon-katun-tin.html" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #ff9f73; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Johor Katun Tree Kris</a><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
This piece is absolutely a priceless relic.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Coin Spec</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Description Pohon katun with 15 katuns attached type C, hexagonal with 7 dots, SS32A</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">
</span><span style="color: #b00000;"></span>Weight : TBA</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
DIM : TBA</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Rarity : RRRR</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Ref : Saran's SS32A Pg 124</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-33178306783554540322019-05-18T18:00:00.000+04:002019-05-20T18:17:51.224+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 104 : Antique Jewish Hebrew tiles from Mellah Jewish Quarter Fes Morocco ( 19th Century)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqmcAHeNaHzroyq9Xcumo-w_GGLaAx_68qpcTVLQ1gfSt5qd4szNt7u39twfPyUj76PYV-QJjvw3WYj5D57rGz3BuKpBVouaBZLTCngU2MbWwQu8shphGKoEs5KnVSgkDh1dt57BApYTRo/s1600/HebrewTile01a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1387" data-original-width="1427" height="622" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqmcAHeNaHzroyq9Xcumo-w_GGLaAx_68qpcTVLQ1gfSt5qd4szNt7u39twfPyUj76PYV-QJjvw3WYj5D57rGz3BuKpBVouaBZLTCngU2MbWwQu8shphGKoEs5KnVSgkDh1dt57BApYTRo/s640/HebrewTile01a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAb0hpI-Ce-oypTIdXLmQSSf2V-8BdYHuRWEeQmP0adVu6lM5ONNMNl6O0BI1zikv4eirGrnXSSEvyCRoT73oc1upQSLESeT-27nfQJfHtNRwjopXmKqWRGRNVUhJd1PlNNHAQCZd-45Yh/s1600/HebrewTile01b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1544" data-original-width="1600" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAb0hpI-Ce-oypTIdXLmQSSf2V-8BdYHuRWEeQmP0adVu6lM5ONNMNl6O0BI1zikv4eirGrnXSSEvyCRoT73oc1upQSLESeT-27nfQJfHtNRwjopXmKqWRGRNVUhJd1PlNNHAQCZd-45Yh/s320/HebrewTile01b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
This is a rare ceramic tile from the Mellah ( Jewish Quarter) of Fes Morocco from 19th Century. The tile is decorated with floral and vegetal motives with some Hebrew alphabets in the middle row.<br />
The inscription looks like <span style="color: white;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; float: none; font: 400 48px/72px arial,sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">ברך</span> </span> (Kaph , Resh , Beth ) pronounced as Barak means blessing.<br />
Originally the word "barak" used in Genesis 24:11 means " to kneel". However a derived word means "to show respect" or "to bless" is used in Genesis 12:2. <br />
<table style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="justify"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />
It is very common for Jewish who are settling in Mellah Fes to decorate their houses with tiles inscribed with blessings or word of wisdoms.<br />
In a book, Pottery from Morocco 19th-20th c entury, by Rachel Hasson, "Fes was the most important centre for clay vessels in Morocco.... large quantities of tiles were produced in Fes and were used as an architectural decoration. Most items were decorated with paint and then glazed"<br />
<br />
From an auction of similar tile which can be seen at the link below, 6 pieces of tiles were sold for USD4,841<br />
<a href="https://www.kedem-auctions.com/product/ceramic-tiles-with-blessings-in-hebrew-for-protection-and-safeguard-of-the-house-and-its-inhabitants-from-the-mellah-jewish-quarter-of-fes-morocco-19th-century/" target="_blank">Kedem Auction</a><br />
<br />
Artifact Specs :<br />
<br />
Item : Ceramic Tile<br />
Content : Vegetal motives with Hebrew word Kaph, Resh, Beth ( Barak) glazed in turquoise<br />
Dim : 10cm x 10cm x 2cm<br />
Date : 19th Century CE<br />
Purchased Price :<br />
Reference : Pottery from Morocco 19th-20th Century, p.4<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-53024763983228166512019-02-16T17:35:00.000+04:002019-02-16T17:43:11.727+04:00The Seventh International Society for Arabic Papyrology (ISAP) Conference - Berlin ( 20-23 March 2018)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
In March 2018, I attended 4 days conference on Arabic Papyrology. It was held in Berlin in various museums & institutions.<br />
It was an amazing conference with so many experts presenting their research especially on Arabic papyrus. In addition to that, we have the opportunity to access first hand papyrus collection in Berlin Papyrus Collection & the Manuscript Collection of the Berlin Staatsbibiotek.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUrEe_o6HKagTcYulWbq99_OCXFhvKiaVLg7aOqAgKrr00-ldOjGUPmjunwaoFiZuNG6Pj3WgrEyQbX1KuHKTZa920TV7lVRn0kXD-ce8HSJ29zJvucSw5p13dqgbjTF2FDEZFlsC9NUSC/s1600/IMG_20180320_164312_282.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUrEe_o6HKagTcYulWbq99_OCXFhvKiaVLg7aOqAgKrr00-ldOjGUPmjunwaoFiZuNG6Pj3WgrEyQbX1KuHKTZa920TV7lVRn0kXD-ce8HSJ29zJvucSw5p13dqgbjTF2FDEZFlsC9NUSC/s1600/IMG_20180320_164312_282.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
</a>
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUrEe_o6HKagTcYulWbq99_OCXFhvKiaVLg7aOqAgKrr00-ldOjGUPmjunwaoFiZuNG6Pj3WgrEyQbX1KuHKTZa920TV7lVRn0kXD-ce8HSJ29zJvucSw5p13dqgbjTF2FDEZFlsC9NUSC/s1600/IMG_20180320_164312_282.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUrEe_o6HKagTcYulWbq99_OCXFhvKiaVLg7aOqAgKrr00-ldOjGUPmjunwaoFiZuNG6Pj3WgrEyQbX1KuHKTZa920TV7lVRn0kXD-ce8HSJ29zJvucSw5p13dqgbjTF2FDEZFlsC9NUSC/s640/IMG_20180320_164312_282.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUrEe_o6HKagTcYulWbq99_OCXFhvKiaVLg7aOqAgKrr00-ldOjGUPmjunwaoFiZuNG6Pj3WgrEyQbX1KuHKTZa920TV7lVRn0kXD-ce8HSJ29zJvucSw5p13dqgbjTF2FDEZFlsC9NUSC/s1600/IMG_20180320_164312_282.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Below are the conference program :</span><b></b><i></i><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div>
<b></b><i></i><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7eKzL1V8ep8ziM7NXiFy1y-VUlp4_oq_54yaNqncfOZg0L369b84weYe783M96c_mS4ecGr2R0IgBdYWiJBIvcXSlHeegSEXr2IGzcstqAev8AgXB-6H9ySlsoZPE6vR8U55bKS-9hPl6/s1600/20180320_150535.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7eKzL1V8ep8ziM7NXiFy1y-VUlp4_oq_54yaNqncfOZg0L369b84weYe783M96c_mS4ecGr2R0IgBdYWiJBIvcXSlHeegSEXr2IGzcstqAev8AgXB-6H9ySlsoZPE6vR8U55bKS-9hPl6/s320/20180320_150535.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP8L60Z8ybFK2GCx20P1AsMGIClA8UltFPizxwksCQJhsxZpwVZuECykd0iswnQ7Nu6eo9RTi9gJl2d7PS7YMH3I78qI-ManC0jVPfxTGgMI0rGaC0xQEVl4Iqh6Gx1VKVXkNJM6TS9BZA/s1600/20180323_102620.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP8L60Z8ybFK2GCx20P1AsMGIClA8UltFPizxwksCQJhsxZpwVZuECykd0iswnQ7Nu6eo9RTi9gJl2d7PS7YMH3I78qI-ManC0jVPfxTGgMI0rGaC0xQEVl4Iqh6Gx1VKVXkNJM6TS9BZA/s400/20180323_102620.jpg" width="400" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUrEe_o6HKagTcYulWbq99_OCXFhvKiaVLg7aOqAgKrr00-ldOjGUPmjunwaoFiZuNG6Pj3WgrEyQbX1KuHKTZa920TV7lVRn0kXD-ce8HSJ29zJvucSw5p13dqgbjTF2FDEZFlsC9NUSC/s1600/IMG_20180320_164312_282.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b></b><i></i><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-nlfALa3-G5Zh9SZk9VxLXdmTmFY6RhEyUU8Gpp_jFYFK6Ca1ZODD57XiSGIQdOWGMzTCRjziK8YI4toUDxI4Dl9uyrBs18xpnqcCxFgigyGpg6ecqwnycKU9lJ_PSFEYplclX6nmoYe/s1600/20180322_092134.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; orphans: 2; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-nlfALa3-G5Zh9SZk9VxLXdmTmFY6RhEyUU8Gpp_jFYFK6Ca1ZODD57XiSGIQdOWGMzTCRjziK8YI4toUDxI4Dl9uyrBs18xpnqcCxFgigyGpg6ecqwnycKU9lJ_PSFEYplclX6nmoYe/s640/20180322_092134.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="color: white;">TUESDAY, 20 MARCH 2018</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-nlfALa3-G5Zh9SZk9VxLXdmTmFY6RhEyUU8Gpp_jFYFK6Ca1ZODD57XiSGIQdOWGMzTCRjziK8YI4toUDxI4Dl9uyrBs18xpnqcCxFgigyGpg6ecqwnycKU9lJ_PSFEYplclX6nmoYe/s1600/20180322_092134.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="color: white;">Venue: Bodemuseum, Gobelinsaal, Am Kupfergraben, 10117 Berlin</span></div>
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Matt <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Malczycki</strong> (Auburn University/ISAP), Andreas <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kaplony</strong> (LMU Munich/ISAP): Opening</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Julien <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chapuis</strong> (Bodemuseum): Welcome</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Friederike <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seyfried</strong> (Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung): Welcome</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Tomasz <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Barański</strong> (University of Warsaw): The Arabization of Lower-Rank Officials in Early Islamic Egypt: A Reconsideration of Two Bilingual Tax Receipts from the Heracleopolites/Ihnā<strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong>s</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Jelle <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bruning</strong> (Leiden University): Organizing the War Fleet in Early-Islamic Egypt</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Lajos <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Berkes</strong> (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin): Greek as an Administrative Language in the 8th-century Caliphate</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: green;"></span></b><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></li>
</ul>
<h4 style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); font: 700 12px/15px "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px -10px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: white;">
15:00 - 17:00 Session 3: Workshop on Arabic Documents (Papyrus Collection), Workshop on Arabic Manuscripts (Staatsbibliothek), Visit of Bodemuseum, Visit of Neues Museum</span></h4>
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></span>
<br />
<h3 class="titelleiste" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(64, 64, 64); font: 700 12px/15px "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 25px 0px -5px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: white;">
WEDNESDAY, 21 MARCH 2018</span></h3>
<span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br />
<span style="color: white;">Venue: Freie Universität Berlin, Holzlaube, Fabeckstraße 23-25, 14195 Berlin</span><br />
<span style="color: white;">9:00 – 12:00 Session 4: Omayyad Imperial Documents II (Chair: Andreas Kaplony)</span><br />
<span style="color: #001000; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Beatrice <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gruendler</strong>, Konrad <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hirschler</strong>, Johannes <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Niehoff-Panagiotidis</strong>, Tonio Sebastian <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Richter</strong> (Freie Universität Berlin): Welcome</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Nils <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Purwins</strong> (Freie Universität Berlin): The Noble Ones of Ērānšahr: About wuzurgān, āzādāz, dahīgān, šahrīgān</span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Said Reza <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Huseini</strong> (Leiden University): Thinking in Arabic, Writing in Sogdian: Diplomatic Relations Between the Arabs and the Local Rulers in Transoxiana in the Early Eighth Century</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Esther <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Garel</strong> (IFAO Cairo): People of Edfu: Some Considerations on Onomastics and Prosopography in the Papyri from the Early Arab Period</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Vincent <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Walter</strong> (Leipzig University): "For you know about my life and the prison I am in": The Late Coptic Paitos Dossier</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Petra <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sijpesteijn</strong> (Leiden University): "After God, I turn to you." Religious Expressions in Arabic Papyrus Letters</span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></strong></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #b00000; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"></span><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: white;">12:00 - 13:00 Session 5: Hands-On Discussion of Documents, Archives and Collections (Poster Session)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Ahmed <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nabil Maghraby</strong> (Sadat City University): Fragment of a Lost Hadith Collection of al-Muʾtamar ibn Sulaymān al-Taymī Preserved on Paper</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Alon <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dar</strong> (Leiden University): Power or Persuasion: Qurra b. Sharīk's Letters</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Ahmed <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kamal Mamdouh</strong> (Cairo University): Two Unpublished Personal Letters from al-Ashmūnain</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Tamer <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mokhtar Mohamed</strong> (Helwan University): Four Arabic Inscriptions on Wooden Panels</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Lahcen <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Daaïf</strong> (Université Lumière Lyon 2): The Archive of a Christian Wealthy Family from Ṭuṭūn</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Andreas <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kaplony</strong>, Daniel <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Potthast</strong>, Johannes <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thomann</strong>, Sebastian <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Metz</strong>, Angélique <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kleiner</strong>, Rocio <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Daga Portillo</strong>, Leonora <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sonego</strong>, Michail <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hradek</strong> (LMU Munich): The Arabic Papyrology Database</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: white;">15:00-18:00 Session 6: Literary Documents (Chair: Beatrice Gruendler)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Mathieu <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tillier</strong> (Université Paris IV-Sorbonne) / Naïm <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vanthieghem</strong> (CNRS Paris): A Quranic Manuscript on Papyrus From the End of the 7th Century and the Beginning of the 8th Century in the Hamburg Staatsbibliothek</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Ursula <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bsees</strong> (University of Vienna/University of Cambridge): Some from the Zabur, some from the Prophet: Religious Advice Collected as Seen in P.Vind.inv. A.P. 1854a+b</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Hazem Hussein Abbas <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ali</strong> (Beni-Suef University): Reconstructing Dhū r-Rumma's Poem Through an Unpublished Document from the P.Cair.Arab. Collection</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Edmund <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hayes</strong> (Leiden University): The Epistolary Imam: Comparing the Correspondence of the Shii Imam with Documentary Letters</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Samer <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ben Brahim</strong> / Mahmoud <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kozae</strong> / Rima <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Redwan</strong> (Freie Universität Berlin): Digital Approaches to a Mutable Textual Tradition: Kalīla wa-Dimna in Manuscripts from the 13th to 19th Centuries</span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></strong></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Yousry <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Elseadawy</strong> (Freie Universität Berlin): Scribes and Manuscripts: The Scribes of Arabic Manuscripts: A Historical and Codicological Approach</span></li>
<li style="background: url("https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png") no-repeat 6px 5px; border-image: none; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin: 7px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0px 0px 19px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Fred </span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font: 700 12px/15.96px "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Donner</strong><span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> (University of Chicago): The Earliest Extant Arabic Letter? Several Puzzles in Search of a Solution</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: white;">THURSDAY, 22 MARCH 2018</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: white;">Venue: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Grimm-Zentrum, Auditorium, Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 1-3, 10117 Berlin</span></div>
<span style="color: white;">9:00 – 12:00 Session 7: Economic Documents (Chair: Lajos Berkes)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Lajos <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Berkes</strong> (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin): Welcome</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Cecilia <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Palombo</strong> (Princeton University): Power, Exaction, and Paternalism in the Enforcement of Taxation: The Egyptian Monastic Context, 2nd‒3rd Centuries</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Janneke <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">de Jong</strong> (Leiden University): Who Did What in Eighth-Century Aphrodito? Some Observations on Tax Documents and Prosopography</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Saied <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">el-Maghawry Mohamed</strong> (Sadat City University): Wheat Through Arabic Papyri in the World Wide Collections: Rare Unpublished Texts</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Matt <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Malczycki</strong> (Auburn University): Livestock Sales and Social History</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Mohamed N. <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Abdelrahman Gad</strong> (King Faisal University): An Unpublished Arabic Document from Mamluk Jerusalem: Ḥaram Šarīf no. 646</span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Rocio <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Daga Portillo</strong> (LMU Munich): Writing in Arabic After the Christian Conquest: Toledo Documents Comparing Islamic and Christian Arabic Document<strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong>s</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: white;">15:00-18:00 Session 8: Scribal Culture (Chair: Konrad Hirschler)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Abdullah <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">al-Hatlani</strong> (Leiden University): What’s in a Name? Names, Kunyas, and Nisbas in Islamic-Era Inscriptions from Arabia</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Eline <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Scheerlinck</strong> (Leiden University): "We will not require anything of you, except for...": Permits, Protection and Problem Solving in Early Islamic Egypt</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Eugenio <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Garosi</strong> (LMU Munich/University of Basel): An Early Islamic Validity Cause: P.Ness. 56 Revisited</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Maher A. <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eissa</strong> (Fayoum University): More Late Coptic Texts from the National Archive of Egypt</span><span class="dunkelrot" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153 , 0 , 0); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(153 , 0 , 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(153 , 0 , 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(153 , 0 , 0); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px rgb(153, 0, 0); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Daisy <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Livingston</strong> (SOAS London): Late-Mamlūk Archival Practices on Ice: The View from Sultan al-Ghawrī's Waqf Archive</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Tarek M. <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Muhammad</strong> / Noha A. <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Salem</strong> (Ain Shams University, Cairo), Tārīkh Mulūk al-Qusṭanṭīniyya (The History of the Kings of Constantinople): An Attempt to Know its Author and Sources</span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></li>
</ul>
<h4 style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); font: 700 12px/15px "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px -10px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</h4>
<span style="color: white;">FRIDAY, MARCH 23RD, 2018</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: white;">Venue: Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Einsteinsaal, Jägerstrasse 22/23, 10117 Berlin</span><span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<h4 style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(128, 128, 128); font: 700 12px/15px "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px -10px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="color: white;">
9:00-12:00 Session 9: Sciences and Wrap-Up (Chair: Michael Marx)</span></h4>
<span style="background-color: transparent; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<ul style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "verdana","helvetica","arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; list-style: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Michael <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Marx</strong> (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy): Welcome</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Gideon <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bohak</strong> (Tel Aviv University): Arabic Manuals of Twitch Divination from the Cairo Genizah and from Qusay<strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong>r</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Johannes <strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thomann</strong> (University of Zurich): Scientific Texts-Books and their Application in Practice: Interdependencies of Literary and Documentary Evidence of Scientific Activities </span><strong style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">Wrap-up</span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(https://cms-static.uni-muenchen.de/default/lmu/img/sprite-bullets.png); background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x: 6px; background-position-y: 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: verdana,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 15.96px; list-style-position: inside; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 7px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 19px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: white;">ISAP General Meeting</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white;">This conference really enriched with some knowledge of Arabic papyrus. In addition to that I get to enlarge my network with experts in Papyrology. I was blessed to have met some prominent figures during this conference. To name fews :</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white;">Dr. Petra Sijpesteijn</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white;">Dr. Andreas Kaplony</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white;">Dr. Fred Donner</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white;">Dr. Beatrice Gruendler</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><span style="color: black;"></span><span style="color: white;"></span><br /></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-70957363248832628682018-02-04T01:05:00.000+04:002018-02-04T01:12:20.056+04:00Ancient Coin Review 118 : Cockerel Perched on Rings Currency of Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah ( Kedah Sultanate 1710 - 1773 CE)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTJnr-am7SLG1nBejmi6HixJ7SxOcHYQdtjFNpkG7cYS2lL-sjwyGSZshe4DxWfiyLPYsP7dcjBYLrVasUg652kJr6RzykMPKMtSsbFQcDz8PC4X8i76bZz51HWr3etP6hoHv3dlut8e_z/s1600/CincinKedah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTJnr-am7SLG1nBejmi6HixJ7SxOcHYQdtjFNpkG7cYS2lL-sjwyGSZshe4DxWfiyLPYsP7dcjBYLrVasUg652kJr6RzykMPKMtSsbFQcDz8PC4X8i76bZz51HWr3etP6hoHv3dlut8e_z/s1600/CincinKedah.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">This is a broken off rings ( 2 rings) from a set of rings of the tin cockerels money. See picture below to understand how the cockerel money looks like.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipalb6dWihCHDy0AnXHCNQ28WtOkhd53z7NF0xgg7MTDmJ2MFCqSEDu18NUEOMqcKQ4qkxRnTHlzzMZ1NrpKM8sUZVpXlFHiMwI0wNySF5NLD3lh2_AX_aH3Cbnr76YH9sP33-5UjW5Nr5/s1600/cockerel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="562" height="586" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipalb6dWihCHDy0AnXHCNQ28WtOkhd53z7NF0xgg7MTDmJ2MFCqSEDu18NUEOMqcKQ4qkxRnTHlzzMZ1NrpKM8sUZVpXlFHiMwI0wNySF5NLD3lh2_AX_aH3Cbnr76YH9sP33-5UjW5Nr5/s640/cockerel.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">According to The Encyclopedia of the Coins of Malaysia Singapore & Brunei, the cockerel itself worths 5 cents of the Spanish Dollar with each ring carries 1 cent in value. The rings were broken off for a small purchase of a few cents.</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">This type of currency was first regulated during the time of Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah reigning Kedah from 1710CE to 1773 CE. They were still in circulation till mid 19th Century.</span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">Kedah
is located in the northwestern part of Peninsular of Malaysia. The name
of Kedah originated from the Sanskrit word Kadaram. It is also known by
its Arabic honorific, Darul Aman ( Abode of Peace).</span> The sultanate was the earliest one on the Malay Peninsular as well as one of the oldest Sultanate in the world.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kedah001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgNLxfBet1ysLsYGMfY3z85P5ZaCcqeg6i4hREgDRbIAntzGdmKqn058Fd96qtgQtFJnpandbgTrEVWvcAHVRr8qJFyILKPkxIb1o8ukekoI4WhxedrN5-f9Le2-3XvO8Apuwgs_fcOO_TbHzxnrB75fXKpJ9T3ptl0JBY89SYimkEbeS_GDF47N9JuHYpOuibquzg=s0-d" width="200" /></a></div>
The kingdom began in 630CE as a Hindu Kingdom which the first king was
Maharaja Derbar Raja who originally a defeated Persian king of Gemeron (
Bandar Abbas) who fled to Kedah. The people of Kedah found him to be a
very smart & tactical man, so they entrusted him to lead them as the
king of Kedah. <br />
This kingdom is a Hindu kingdom however I couldnt find in any history
book in regards to the faith of Maharaja Derbar Raja. In 630 CE, Gemeron
is part of Sassanian Kingdom which Zoroastrian is the main religion.<br />
Towards the end of 11th century, the 9th Kedah Hindu king, Dubar Raja II
renounced Hinduism and conerted to Islam. He adpoted an Islamic name,
Sultan Muzafar Shah and continued ruling Kedah from 1136 to 1179 CE.
This sultanate continues to rule till today.<br />
This mean the present Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Halim Muzaffar Shah
has a direct link back to not just the first Kedah Sultan, Sultan
Muzaffar Shah (1136CE) but also to the first Hindu Sultan , Maharaja
Derbar Raja ( 630CE). Try to imagine someone with unbroken
family lineage since 630CE till now. Unbelievable!!<br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Kedah_Kingdom"></span><br />
<br />
Weight :TBA gm<br />
Dim : TBA<br />
Rarity : R<br />
Denom : 2 cincin = 2 cents<br />
Material : Tin<br />
Reference : Saran's SS20d , pg 260</div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-28347969361059473362018-02-03T16:52:00.000+04:002018-02-03T16:52:19.622+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 204 : Antique Ottoman Era document / Letter ( 1250 AH / 1835 CE) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4uOiBkAADQI2Jxkk8mt39yRdxVsx7TT0tRaGaa5TkEZKU5ufvFDhYzQNnWO4WUN054MZCUNqBkKKLjSk6fViiaORHX1xFUdFynK5I0jXNmcbV2p37JJGekl5lyoe9A-CjmBbTB4QFxwfl/s1600/LegalH01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1095" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4uOiBkAADQI2Jxkk8mt39yRdxVsx7TT0tRaGaa5TkEZKU5ufvFDhYzQNnWO4WUN054MZCUNqBkKKLjSk6fViiaORHX1xFUdFynK5I0jXNmcbV2p37JJGekl5lyoe9A-CjmBbTB4QFxwfl/s640/LegalH01.jpg" width="438" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkEN4FvvGIii1naf5mu8B_56MgGHwVClJvXeLl9u-fku-QWJHH83yW5Dqz-DZsvpe_plnzlXB5wfiRHYyTYUffE1YCqD6RzvOa1StLBCE8-l8DDOHXNKfwg9WNGSIwEIBDjcBETZDIoZb2/s1600/LegalH02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="893" data-original-width="1308" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkEN4FvvGIii1naf5mu8B_56MgGHwVClJvXeLl9u-fku-QWJHH83yW5Dqz-DZsvpe_plnzlXB5wfiRHYyTYUffE1YCqD6RzvOa1StLBCE8-l8DDOHXNKfwg9WNGSIwEIBDjcBETZDIoZb2/s640/LegalH02.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
This is a document written in old Turkish. The document was originally
folded and sealed. I couldn't figure out what
type of document this is. It could be a legal document or a personal
ones. The letter is written in Riqaah
script in black. It was signed and dated 1250 AH ( 1835 CE)<br />
I don't have much
information of this kind of manuscript and its writing tradition. I need
to do more research on this manuscript and will update this entry
later. I welcome any feedback on this letter.<br />
<br />
My other similar document is in below link<br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2013/12/ancient-manuscript-review-127-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 01</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2015/12/ancient-manuscript-review-173-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 02</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/02/ancient-manuscript-review-183-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 03</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/05/ancient-manuscript-review-189-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 04</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/05/ancient-manuscript-review-191-antique.html">Ottoman Letter 05</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/07/ancient-manuscript-review-196-antique.html">Ottoman Letter 06</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/08/ancient-manuscript-review-199-antique.html" target="_blank">Ottoman Letter 07</a><br />
<br />
Manuscript
Specs<br />
<br />
Item : Ottoman document<br />
Content : Unknown<br />
Dim : 220mm x 160mm<br />Date : 1250 AH<br />
Copyist : indechiperable<br />
Origin : Turkey<br />
Calligraphy : Riqaah<br />
Design : <br />
Purchased Price :US </div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-16820617256289095242018-02-03T13:54:00.000+04:002018-02-03T13:54:01.618+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 103 : Antique Samanid Era Khurasan Islamic Inscribed Glazed Plate ( 10th Century)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-z6T2oOPff9GGz71rMx9LwRtkHtltm4oIkgKAManxWLOQIndK7BWG07hWcjvYNm7jkGHmuo34pf44OYrI0ZsLeVSY651k0fn1giG4mmdlhglye74rvB_sxz1yA8vc2DnZOIfYNiGdJljW/s1600/20180131_160742+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1214" data-original-width="1308" height="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-z6T2oOPff9GGz71rMx9LwRtkHtltm4oIkgKAManxWLOQIndK7BWG07hWcjvYNm7jkGHmuo34pf44OYrI0ZsLeVSY651k0fn1giG4mmdlhglye74rvB_sxz1yA8vc2DnZOIfYNiGdJljW/s640/20180131_160742+copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNZjcxuyZJb0qK7RrYxSgBEVbT-3WZValMcOtdF73_iactEGFeah5J48iGk-YbEb0GyypIgKWV74V2JbtIpLtQwmKgIVjTq-NoDBWXtndqaKsw4FUgIFYy1HU0xv1BiYoCzTFFDf6TrkSP/s1600/20180131_160804.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="829" data-original-width="1600" height="103" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNZjcxuyZJb0qK7RrYxSgBEVbT-3WZValMcOtdF73_iactEGFeah5J48iGk-YbEb0GyypIgKWV74V2JbtIpLtQwmKgIVjTq-NoDBWXtndqaKsw4FUgIFYy1HU0xv1BiYoCzTFFDf6TrkSP/s200/20180131_160804.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwiK7kxcQuBzMsF8IOIA4V2M25HeewutVHHnfUhp-nAqXim4HjuKMneW73C19E04H6b_6Un8bijOhzH0Qt1xKefsOJzuUIyJWRye-u2H5am4d0o7CUu_t74MWe3tu5dsacZ319t7vTYJD9/s1600/20180131_160816.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1505" data-original-width="1600" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwiK7kxcQuBzMsF8IOIA4V2M25HeewutVHHnfUhp-nAqXim4HjuKMneW73C19E04H6b_6Un8bijOhzH0Qt1xKefsOJzuUIyJWRye-u2H5am4d0o7CUu_t74MWe3tu5dsacZ319t7vTYJD9/s200/20180131_160816.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
This is a large bowl originated from Samanid period (10th-11th Century) possibly Khurasan. This deep bowl with straight flaring wall was covered with a white slip and then glazed with a transparent colorless glaze. This white slip provided the base for the calligraphic works.<br />
The calligraphy was executed in a black pigment derived probably from Manganese as it looks purplish when examined closely.<br />
The decoration on this bowl is purely epigraphic using Kufi like Arabic script around the rim, simple yet quite illegible.<br />
The Samanids ruled large parts of Eastern Iran, Afghanistan & Central Asia from 819-1005 CE. The Samanids were the first native dynasty to rule Iran after the Arab conquests in the 7th century.<br />
In dating this bowl, I am using guidelines outlined by Volov in her article, Plaited Kufic on Samanid Epigraphic Pottery. She classified the development of the epigraphy on Samanid pottery in 3 stages. The third stage according to her the pottery decoration is purely epigraphic, almost illegible and has a "Swan's Neck Curve" feature on the inscription, dating this feature to early 11th Century.<br />
It is very challenging to read the calligraphy on this pot, I welcome any feedback from viewers on this.<br />
However the most typical phrases on Samanid pottery is Say : Al Jud Min Akhlaq Ahl Al Janna, “Generosity is the disposition of the dwellers of Paradise. Good
fortune.”<br />
<br />
The tradition of decorating pottery with epigraphy is very interesting. <br />
The art of writing on pottery was mentioned in a 10th century manuscript of Muhammad Al Washsha from Baghdad titled Kitab Al Zarf Wal Zurafa ( The Book of Elegance and Elegant People). He wrote about the list of literary epigraphy inscribed on personal items such as cups, bowls, plates, etc. Hence by the time this manuscript was written, the tradition of inscribing epigraph was already prevalent during the time of Abbasid period.<br />
When the Samanids in power in 10th century, it seemed they tried
imitate Abbasids one except with their own style.<br />
In my previous entry, I have also written about similar tradition of decorating epigraph on Malay & Chinese pottery. See below link for further readings :<br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2012/07/ancient-artifact-review-05-antique.html" target="_blank">Malay Plate 01</a><br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/08/ancient-artifact-review-99-antique.html" target="_blank">Malay Plate 02</a><br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2017/12/ancient-artifact-review-101-antique.html" target="_blank">Qing Talismanic Plate</a><br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/08/ancient-artifact-review-97-antique-qing.html">Qing Blue & White Plate</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/07/ancient-artifact-review-85-antique-qing.html">Blue & White Plate</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2012/09/ancient-artifact-review-11-malacca.html">Swatow Plate</a><br />
<br />
<br />Reference :<br />
Volov in her article, Plaited Kufic on Samanid Epigraphic Pottery.<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;"><i>Ars
Orientalis</i> 6 (1966): 107-34.</span><br />
The Arts of Islam, pg 52,53</div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-56087171992860799122017-12-18T00:54:00.001+04:002017-12-18T00:54:43.765+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 102 : Antique Brass 3 faces Stamp dated 1311 AH ( 1893 CE)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr7DcnKP_PBPS06W4Okqcl5kif7-jMXMm4pjQpYJpzsdNIIVtObIm-9XwEMavbRwDxpsZqvW5DJr8M1z56OOWvS89Y5cUUl_xc5Gij6VLuOYNztaDtoblg9pCpyYCvAcztWB10btnEJfbZ/s1600/20171218_001745.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="442" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr7DcnKP_PBPS06W4Okqcl5kif7-jMXMm4pjQpYJpzsdNIIVtObIm-9XwEMavbRwDxpsZqvW5DJr8M1z56OOWvS89Y5cUUl_xc5Gij6VLuOYNztaDtoblg9pCpyYCvAcztWB10btnEJfbZ/s400/20171218_001745.jpg" width="373" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZLAboLdS7VJ70ijWZuviVNEUWo5hyU1QRqs5tOnfWsosW_ipo2KignC9tkoQ8Af55RIbTWj_DO_MImV7kShi26OEm9ZNbkmt-m32UqRONcA5AHl2ShPhF0gHZap1L1KIdOtarMl8CpkQt/s1600/20171218_001722.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="363" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZLAboLdS7VJ70ijWZuviVNEUWo5hyU1QRqs5tOnfWsosW_ipo2KignC9tkoQ8Af55RIbTWj_DO_MImV7kShi26OEm9ZNbkmt-m32UqRONcA5AHl2ShPhF0gHZap1L1KIdOtarMl8CpkQt/s400/20171218_001722.jpg" width="221" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr7DcnKP_PBPS06W4Okqcl5kif7-jMXMm4pjQpYJpzsdNIIVtObIm-9XwEMavbRwDxpsZqvW5DJr8M1z56OOWvS89Y5cUUl_xc5Gij6VLuOYNztaDtoblg9pCpyYCvAcztWB10btnEJfbZ/s1600/20171218_001745.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNsWAX78TLwjjDdsakfVeyIkyXun_FwJ5Da6jo6F80P8FFDiWcu6tebrc2hHx2o-EPNX2gCGgTq4WmKZGw7BINR_2MBhBURofsjHK-8s3pSbZLOIJ3FH-DUz9sfTwdFpdrAR5_br7qZWbA/s1600/20171218_001739.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="596" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNsWAX78TLwjjDdsakfVeyIkyXun_FwJ5Da6jo6F80P8FFDiWcu6tebrc2hHx2o-EPNX2gCGgTq4WmKZGw7BINR_2MBhBURofsjHK-8s3pSbZLOIJ3FH-DUz9sfTwdFpdrAR5_br7qZWbA/s320/20171218_001739.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fIX_Au09Uj_2-f85IA31BuLKccDhJZpacBZbLnKIDsFtqsuX3AqzqkdCoG9O0P7LgV-ZJt4q8Sw-vXs9Kxuetl4GhkLwaDFdNT_z3zOO-pxCP9bGfn462gsHsf-9EfR_1tPvvRAlg9Ra/s1600/20171218_001733.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="451" data-original-width="452" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fIX_Au09Uj_2-f85IA31BuLKccDhJZpacBZbLnKIDsFtqsuX3AqzqkdCoG9O0P7LgV-ZJt4q8Sw-vXs9Kxuetl4GhkLwaDFdNT_z3zOO-pxCP9bGfn462gsHsf-9EfR_1tPvvRAlg9Ra/s200/20171218_001733.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
This is an interesting Ottoman era 3 faces stamp dated 1311 AH ( 1893 CE)<br />
There is a clear date written in Arabic on 1 face. The second one looks like انشاءالله<br />
But I couldn't figure out the third word.<br />
<br />
Dim : 50mm x 20mm<br />
Date : 1311 AH ( 1893 CE)<br />
Material : Brass<br />
Origin : Turkey<br />Price : </div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-54192738440544890402017-12-16T13:10:00.000+04:002017-12-16T13:10:41.607+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 203 : Antique Bible / Christianity written in Classical Greek on Papyrus from Egypt ( 2th-3th Century CE ) <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5DA27Mf9FUvCDvt82N9OtbjOCVvvXo3Z6iTF3gAVARJVKXif7SIP4GtYQb6XsJ7jmlXUbxvIGoqNm-D7QuqSgudb0i1xK9-CrBjPGUmCtbvM4Icn1_PjQSd24IxD7gGgtvpT6GI7RiNjz/s1600/PapyGreekfront.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1464" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5DA27Mf9FUvCDvt82N9OtbjOCVvvXo3Z6iTF3gAVARJVKXif7SIP4GtYQb6XsJ7jmlXUbxvIGoqNm-D7QuqSgudb0i1xK9-CrBjPGUmCtbvM4Icn1_PjQSd24IxD7gGgtvpT6GI7RiNjz/s640/PapyGreekfront.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWRIZkGXCEWrjNHUu_qxw48mYW1pjYmwxm36c_GMwtgNQhNwCYBkBrDyD_U5EFpJ3wzDsJQ2qnnEC97XAqGLsuZHnqXrpchg5VmNcOEVKXNUk7wdkj6wVwYFzp8QbBjbLzrE_fCt9RAs-o/s1600/PapyGreekback.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="1428" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWRIZkGXCEWrjNHUu_qxw48mYW1pjYmwxm36c_GMwtgNQhNwCYBkBrDyD_U5EFpJ3wzDsJQ2qnnEC97XAqGLsuZHnqXrpchg5VmNcOEVKXNUk7wdkj6wVwYFzp8QbBjbLzrE_fCt9RAs-o/s640/PapyGreekback.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
This is a papyrus fragment written in Classical Greek language in black
ink. Origin
from Egypt and purchased from Antique Store in USA in 2016. I discovered
this fragment among with my other Arabic papyrus fragments. Comparing
this fragment with some papyrus from DUKE Library, they have similar fragments . This is the
link, <a href="https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/papyrus/texts/greek/introduction.html" target="_blank">Greek Papyrus</a>. which dating the fragment from 2nd-3rd Century CE.<br />
I don't have much
information of this kind of manuscript and its writing tradition. I need
to do more research on this manuscript and will update this entry
later. I welcome any feedback on this fragment.<br />
<br />
Manuscript
Specs<br />
<br />
Item :Classical Greek Papyus Manuscript<br />
Content : Bible / Christianity<br />
Dim : 120mm x 75mm<br />
Date : 2-7th3 century CE<br />
Copyist : N/A<br />
Origin : Egypt<br />
Calligraphy : Classical Greek<br />
Design : <br />
Purchased Price :US </div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-66227812463260202892017-12-15T16:12:00.001+04:002018-01-30T16:58:29.838+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 101 : Antique Qing Era Islamic Talismanic Taweez Porcelain Plate ( 18th Century)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlngecCC3Vz_9a0cXtDYX5NJPY2Wg11f7E1LJeX2bCmnXjc4GlDmWAaj-lT5oFbvu__1zkm3COKwro5arApidGwl-r8OESqQNR1i7Kt0E89KAljg4TzdcmNYT40MrETX9N7OkouwPElY3v/s1600/20171215_132116.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1159" data-original-width="1285" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlngecCC3Vz_9a0cXtDYX5NJPY2Wg11f7E1LJeX2bCmnXjc4GlDmWAaj-lT5oFbvu__1zkm3COKwro5arApidGwl-r8OESqQNR1i7Kt0E89KAljg4TzdcmNYT40MrETX9N7OkouwPElY3v/s640/20171215_132116.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzYSm3q3ypyN3vG4dIn20DNjxxVf494kMdvnY0p0Qu8mtN4WAId2ii1qPW-PvXSqg4miPBkvlGp1JIAPjK1NYb0yt_MLpDI4iHwV9lNNlNGMaGCIGJCi3A11zoZ92BO30BcgbaOMypWc31/s1600/20171215_132140.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="1243" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzYSm3q3ypyN3vG4dIn20DNjxxVf494kMdvnY0p0Qu8mtN4WAId2ii1qPW-PvXSqg4miPBkvlGp1JIAPjK1NYb0yt_MLpDI4iHwV9lNNlNGMaGCIGJCi3A11zoZ92BO30BcgbaOMypWc31/s640/20171215_132140.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdU09wQHW8j59nP_e8YPkpZqLD8rCQPEOZ3dlDRe9bHaemnQJKc6fys0JFtPplsNOloLfK6dXLN2wIeMVms6ACi4PzoMTn6zP4S1f7ceVvTGXndhYIs5MFo-tx43Mvz0Wh1SCwb_9i-TR/s1600/20171215_132123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1109" data-original-width="1128" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwdU09wQHW8j59nP_e8YPkpZqLD8rCQPEOZ3dlDRe9bHaemnQJKc6fys0JFtPplsNOloLfK6dXLN2wIeMVms6ACi4PzoMTn6zP4S1f7ceVvTGXndhYIs5MFo-tx43Mvz0Wh1SCwb_9i-TR/s320/20171215_132123.jpg" width="320" /></a>This is a museum piece of a small plate from Qing Dynasty. It is made in China for Persian market.<br />
The plate is decorated with red foliage around the centre alternating with Arabic calligraphy squibbles. In the centre there is a square box consists of 16 cells filled with Arabic numerals. This square is also known as a magic square or Waqf or "Buduh".<br />
This plate most likely produced for talismanic purpose or Taweez. I do not know exactly what the magic square in this plate represent for but it can be for any reasons such as finding love, opening gate of blessing, curing diseases, etc.<br />
This BUDUH tradition is believed in existence prior to Islam most likely originated from China. From a Chinese literature dated circa 650BCE, there was a record of identifying 3x3 grid pattern from a turtle shell hence formulating the mystical means to control the water from the river.<br />
This magic square were known to Islamic scholars as early as 7th century due to the contact with the East. Throughout the time, the magic square has evolved and developed to serve for numerous mystical purposes.The magic square started from grid of 4x4, 6x6 & 7x7 and by 19th Century, 100x100 grid is created.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi729w0os1YUff8WFAn96N8jdjNw9clklTwJvRx-uwo-FeYFOM2FGgXhBNDKHr35w5KDZpIeseJpk5kpbsK64gW5s_hDXfI6VmlkrSl6tsAjDTWEirs72DUTLDIfyQuWpAtPwnSWTlEhff0/s1600/buduh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="812" data-original-width="900" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi729w0os1YUff8WFAn96N8jdjNw9clklTwJvRx-uwo-FeYFOM2FGgXhBNDKHr35w5KDZpIeseJpk5kpbsK64gW5s_hDXfI6VmlkrSl6tsAjDTWEirs72DUTLDIfyQuWpAtPwnSWTlEhff0/s640/buduh.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
The arabic numerals in the cells look so ambiquous. The look like number ٥ (5) and ١ ١ (11). The sum on any row or colum will give the same amount which is 32.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiItyiI4WPHd91UNsf5xdSds3idfKfgsHEVhLAH3AEpogjqh-YENzNEOTW1y17I1bOcszLHI5b2m9F_JVuSdWpCl1ournqAf6q0y-g8eKGNKxnD_S7fKvxpmXGLJbq1j1GDTFOo0r62fzGj/s1600/buduhori.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="327" data-original-width="321" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiItyiI4WPHd91UNsf5xdSds3idfKfgsHEVhLAH3AEpogjqh-YENzNEOTW1y17I1bOcszLHI5b2m9F_JVuSdWpCl1ournqAf6q0y-g8eKGNKxnD_S7fKvxpmXGLJbq1j1GDTFOo0r62fzGj/s200/buduhori.jpg" width="196" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRykhIXyK9ZEislZorG0hT60vPG0HcYCQvAQtjoBkYptwptcFPmjb3-ULOSXB8KXFFVXvNVIVcBI_ZM7Vciw9_IG7fOB28o6ctAWXYgCUYCwjVR1zhwieUCRo4YHt7S1bwZma2xrQCnZ3/s1600/china_arabic2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="384" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcRykhIXyK9ZEislZorG0hT60vPG0HcYCQvAQtjoBkYptwptcFPmjb3-ULOSXB8KXFFVXvNVIVcBI_ZM7Vciw9_IG7fOB28o6ctAWXYgCUYCwjVR1zhwieUCRo4YHt7S1bwZma2xrQCnZ3/s200/china_arabic2.jpg" width="185" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Arabic squibbles around the plate were barely readable however I could see few places with the word <b>الله</b> ( The God Allah), and few phrases I can almost red it as لا اله الا الله ( There is no God except Allah). <br />
Comparing with similar plate displayed in the Islamic Museum Malaysia, those Arabic phrases on the outer rings are verses from Surah II ( The Cow) verse 255-257 followed by testimony of faith and prayers. <br />
There are also 4 distinct Arabic phrases around the magic square. I have to compare it with some plates from the internet to figure out what they are.<br />
<br />
لا السيف الا الزالفقر There is no sword except Zulfikar<br />
لا الفتاح الا علي There is no conqueror except Ali<br />
<br />
When the name of Ali is mentioned, it became clear that this talisman plate is used by the Shiite, either for export to Iran or for Chinese Muslims.<br />
<br />
It is important to note that the use of Talisman ( Taweez) is a mystical science or occult and against the teaching of Islam and the mainstream Islamic scholars.<br />
<br />
The plate is 100mm diameter.<br />
<br />
<br />
Check below my other plate<br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/08/ancient-artifact-review-97-antique-qing.html">Qing Blue & White Plate</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2016/07/ancient-artifact-review-85-antique-qing.html">Blue & White Plate</a><br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2012/09/ancient-artifact-review-11-malacca.html">Swatow Plate</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Reference :<br />
<br />
Mightier than the Sword, Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia, page 196<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-88937667243533099252017-12-15T11:31:00.000+04:002017-12-15T11:31:22.514+04:00Ancient Manuscript Review 202 : Antique Torah Judaism Book ( 1846 CE)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOaMy95aaL8lIy1mq-qBHFdqfV6WmZlOne20UN-5KuQC8s2meSWYGzbjC_QNpZxHu0iFHUzvcO5_B9ffe-Rk-nzHr9q0BlJEnzCzkquc6XguaiKfHJi3hx1MVwXEaQpSl0B3lEPOBU29Sr/s1600/20171215_105547.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="471" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOaMy95aaL8lIy1mq-qBHFdqfV6WmZlOne20UN-5KuQC8s2meSWYGzbjC_QNpZxHu0iFHUzvcO5_B9ffe-Rk-nzHr9q0BlJEnzCzkquc6XguaiKfHJi3hx1MVwXEaQpSl0B3lEPOBU29Sr/s320/20171215_105547.jpg" width="255" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxsT0YDUAGXaJHXrpdye6YTkvNck9e6s3HW3jZsir1u79BD9NwkwjYBdjJzjg_ggE7VnF7QQ1wgjL7lT7wVcwAd-tQtNm6RyylROWssX3VKe_Hos8OGPUD-kuBd26Uh2ScsoNK6u2C_ZGK/s1600/20171215_105747.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="997" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxsT0YDUAGXaJHXrpdye6YTkvNck9e6s3HW3jZsir1u79BD9NwkwjYBdjJzjg_ggE7VnF7QQ1wgjL7lT7wVcwAd-tQtNm6RyylROWssX3VKe_Hos8OGPUD-kuBd26Uh2ScsoNK6u2C_ZGK/s320/20171215_105747.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWz5bwW2rdbRVsFUI-Crt-VRc1Sgm1ttHD9yNaeVCkSO4JeTYFRJC9WyAzfNEjJ27N6pxXHc_p5cAG5nfygOlxpsGL8xPdeKujAdpkH311dbtPtL-LmkHNo79-nqihLn6m7rVieB9D53Ha/s1600/20171215_105959.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="841" data-original-width="1285" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWz5bwW2rdbRVsFUI-Crt-VRc1Sgm1ttHD9yNaeVCkSO4JeTYFRJC9WyAzfNEjJ27N6pxXHc_p5cAG5nfygOlxpsGL8xPdeKujAdpkH311dbtPtL-LmkHNo79-nqihLn6m7rVieB9D53Ha/s640/20171215_105959.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
This is a lithographed Judaism book, in Hebrew
language. I couldn't figure out what is the title of this book. I bought this book in Istanbul.This Torah was used by Jewish
community in Turkey. Covers made of hard board
with the spine is made of leather. This
book is pocket size of 120mm
x100mm.This book is undated but prsumably from 19th century. If anyone has any idea about this book please share with us.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRmK6wnLfhoMKXby79a4cwiMjW8NEu4avg6oO8lPgyD_33CSbpz7NE4Ih80Xgv3VMmGfNt3gXgMVtoM4ZADe6qR-VsnaL0tIO2wrTFEioe6MJdgXOgABYWEqjrfdBI-SS0cWLQyCk9iG9c/s1600/20171215_110104.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="888" data-original-width="1226" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRmK6wnLfhoMKXby79a4cwiMjW8NEu4avg6oO8lPgyD_33CSbpz7NE4Ih80Xgv3VMmGfNt3gXgMVtoM4ZADe6qR-VsnaL0tIO2wrTFEioe6MJdgXOgABYWEqjrfdBI-SS0cWLQyCk9iG9c/s640/20171215_110104.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI-6sZhY7eeHE5YWshKDY0XiKdZw5qLZv3Uw73Ybd-Aq7DHUJdQswMRtpYUZnk6I6jxy5cWlNMoTpfnVMvj4siUJayTf4_qmCpn9z_kfZ10eL9DbNpbvU79YR9Q0y2kZOQCKyMjj-qiTpe/s1600/20171215_110044.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="846" data-original-width="1285" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI-6sZhY7eeHE5YWshKDY0XiKdZw5qLZv3Uw73Ybd-Aq7DHUJdQswMRtpYUZnk6I6jxy5cWlNMoTpfnVMvj4siUJayTf4_qmCpn9z_kfZ10eL9DbNpbvU79YR9Q0y2kZOQCKyMjj-qiTpe/s640/20171215_110044.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Codicology</span></u></b> <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Title Page : Unknown</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Content : Old Testament</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Date : 19th CE</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Copyist : </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Patron : </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Origin : Unknown</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Place acquired :Istanbul</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Illuminations : Nil</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Calligraphy : Hebrew script</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Number of lines :191 lines per page</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Inks : Main text in black</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Punctuation: Nil</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Frame : Nil </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
History of Manuscript : Purchased from antique store in Istanbul</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Number of folios : 216 ff</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Support of writing : light yellowish European paper</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Gatherings : N/A</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Catchwords : nil</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Dimensions : 120cm x 100 cm </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Binding : hard board</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Estimated Market Price : </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
Purchased Price : USD</div>
Remarks : </div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-110535844284260212017-12-15T04:33:00.001+04:002019-05-21T02:58:59.747+04:00Antique Coin Review 117 : Pohon Katun ( Hexagonal Tin Cash tree) - 16th Century of Johor Sultanate <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxfJ3WSBhvlQKR4M0pcwIP_59xdGWqwKwJYe156qRHOMtqYiHY3BaoNytTSDxYietSgkdt8WrmuKNhtomULW4YUyP2UI07XjNjnO59C9D949tHQ6pIIAVizxUWR4JNCyCRmtxWpDee0VW2/s1600/HexaKatunJohorback.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgep19Pi3YdPvpUnGdxqanHqsMU7Ug1Kipoo5tkoTSs1Y2ipe-GvxeqADtSxb_yAKEBUSrvOD63cr3Yu260q1K5JhmTVXGke7kjnQEBC7eRH6PU5n-uA6u44fZAn7UJUbCa4qRsSwC8r895/s1600/HexaKatunJohorfront.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1222" data-original-width="655" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgep19Pi3YdPvpUnGdxqanHqsMU7Ug1Kipoo5tkoTSs1Y2ipe-GvxeqADtSxb_yAKEBUSrvOD63cr3Yu260q1K5JhmTVXGke7kjnQEBC7eRH6PU5n-uA6u44fZAn7UJUbCa4qRsSwC8r895/s640/HexaKatunJohorfront.jpg" width="339" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
This
is a complete “tree” of coins from Johore Empire Era ( 16th-19th Century).<br />
<br />
J<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">ohor is located in the
southern tip of Peninsular of Malaysia as well as the most southern
point of the Asian Continent. The name of Johor originated from the
Arabic word Jawhar which means jewel. It is also known by its Arabic
honorific, Darul Takzim ( Abode of Dignity).</span>
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">The
Sultanate of Johor was founded by Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II , the
son of exiled last Sultan of Malacca ( Sultan Mahmud Shah) in 1528 CE.
Johor was part of Malaccan Sultanate prior to Malacca occupation by
Portuguese in 1511 CE.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ty6MdGD38XA24pmm40FsiRVB4Mw5SYLQlLEZ6BYFuASB5RPr-PHwnNuGWrE9FmcZgM5uCyqVMbfJK5r-b4lcxPmtghCLNGaW0nvDZi1aIAFsPkIDbcEdKEU1Ktqj-k0C9ZmAP0STRhFr/s1600/British_Malaya_circa_1922.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="549" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ty6MdGD38XA24pmm40FsiRVB4Mw5SYLQlLEZ6BYFuASB5RPr-PHwnNuGWrE9FmcZgM5uCyqVMbfJK5r-b4lcxPmtghCLNGaW0nvDZi1aIAFsPkIDbcEdKEU1Ktqj-k0C9ZmAP0STRhFr/s640/British_Malaya_circa_1922.PNG" width="560" /></a></div>
This is a rare piece as I haven’t seen
such a thing in Malaysian museums yet ( probably I haven’t explored
enough). <br />
Let me provide some insights of this “tree”. During the era
of Johor Sultanate, tin coins or “Katuns” as they were known, were
minted in a variety of shapes and sizes for use in the local markets.
Some of these circular, others hexagonal or octagonal. A few of them
carried full inscriptions indicating that they were intended for Johor,
but the majority were inscribed only with the title such as “ Malik Al
Adil” ( The Just King).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxfJ3WSBhvlQKR4M0pcwIP_59xdGWqwKwJYe156qRHOMtqYiHY3BaoNytTSDxYietSgkdt8WrmuKNhtomULW4YUyP2UI07XjNjnO59C9D949tHQ6pIIAVizxUWR4JNCyCRmtxWpDee0VW2/s1600/HexaKatunJohorback.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1202" data-original-width="610" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxfJ3WSBhvlQKR4M0pcwIP_59xdGWqwKwJYe156qRHOMtqYiHY3BaoNytTSDxYietSgkdt8WrmuKNhtomULW4YUyP2UI07XjNjnO59C9D949tHQ6pIIAVizxUWR4JNCyCRmtxWpDee0VW2/s400/HexaKatunJohorback.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
This tree was moulded by pouring molten tin
though an opening in a mould which runs along a central channel into the
side branches and finally into the coin moulds where the katun were
cast. After the metal had cooled and hardened, the katuns were broken
off and the excess metal of the central stem and brances was re smelted
for further use.<br />
Comparing this coins’ tree with my other katuns, I
could match this katun with type C katun, hexagonal and class V as
outlined in Saran Singh’s The Encyclopaedia of The Coins of Malaysia
Singapore & Brunei, page 124 ( SS32). The obverse has a large central dot surrounded by circle ( or rather it looks flowery) whereas the
reverse of this katun is blank. It has hexagonal shape with plain edge and typical
weight of 1.09 gm each. Diameter range from 16-17mm. Made of tin and RRRR if with the tree.<br />
The other katun tree from the same empire has an S shape as if a kris whereas this one is straight like a tree. Check my other coin tree at<br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.com/2019/05/antique-coin-review-119-pohon-katun.html">Johor Katun Tree Dots</a><br />
<a href="https://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2010/01/ancient-coin-review-03-pohon-katun-tin.html">Johor Katun Tree Kriss</a><br />
<br />
This piece is absolutely a priceless relic.<br />
<br />
Coin Spec<br />
<br />
Description : Pohon katun with 17 katuns attached type C hexagonal with dot in middle surrounded with flowery shape<br />
Weight : TBA<br />
DIM : TBA<br />
Rarity : RRRR<br />
Ref : Saran's SS32 Pg 124<br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Weight : 1.43 gm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Dim : 21mm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Rarity : R</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Ref : SS30</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ffe1db; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.53px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
Ref : Saran's pg 123 </span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-39382264274069289032017-12-15T03:17:00.002+04:002017-12-15T03:17:34.845+04:00Workshops for Interventive & Preventive Conservation of Paper, Textiles & Metal ( Zakynthos Island, Greece)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_qGZyLdN6k8b3u4XMvgtuMGdSxom6ys862rpxaMJZkB65LPRYGsoUBJmLPfL0NdKVuG8c6uN9l7wYxuImNicN9yJhWjjS-_oyJAJKjlxgQi90UzhCEDYRZFIb72SC7FVlVQi6GqttTGvc/s1600/zantemap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="532" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_qGZyLdN6k8b3u4XMvgtuMGdSxom6ys862rpxaMJZkB65LPRYGsoUBJmLPfL0NdKVuG8c6uN9l7wYxuImNicN9yJhWjjS-_oyJAJKjlxgQi90UzhCEDYRZFIb72SC7FVlVQi6GqttTGvc/s400/zantemap.jpg" width="388" /></a></div>
I attended an intensive workshop last Summer. It was Workshop for Interventive & Preventive Conservation of Textiles, Paper & Metal held in a beautiful island, Zakynthos in Greece from 21 May - 3 June 2017. This workshop was hosted by the Technological Educational Institute of the Ionian Islands ( TEI) under The Balkan Heritage Field School ( Bulgaria).<br />
This is one of the best workshops I ever attended. The lab is fully equipped with all tools you need in conserving and preserving ancient textiles, paper & metal.<br />
The lectures were very useful yet I wish we could have cover more in paper conservation which I have most of my interest in. Nonetheless the hands in with the preservation technique in lab is world class.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkbdYnNSwzavqsevyQH0zoW8amVicPhOYNFSZCpVzWxIJXMEvGnnR82JyRtN0AbBlOFU98_ZZRw8fSY4PZ4unM4rRH6NhI1VVRO21Em3tF914z4k-OJxLqp8feWDoDzVi1_jvdJ6tV9_Uz/s1600/Zante.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkbdYnNSwzavqsevyQH0zoW8amVicPhOYNFSZCpVzWxIJXMEvGnnR82JyRtN0AbBlOFU98_ZZRw8fSY4PZ4unM4rRH6NhI1VVRO21Em3tF914z4k-OJxLqp8feWDoDzVi1_jvdJ6tV9_Uz/s400/Zante.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
The first week, the lecture and workshop were on paper conservation. The lecture and guidance were given by Dr Nikolas Sarris from National Library of Greece. I am blessed to attend his lecture because he is well know for his conservation works especially in Codex Sinaiticus & Ethiopic manuscripts.<br />
The second week, the lecture & workshop were on textile conservation. It was lectured by Dr Christos Karydis who is a <strong style="background-color: initial;"></strong>Conservator of works of art, Lecturer at the TEI of
Ionian Islands & University of the Aegean <br />
The third week, the lecture & workshop were on metal conservation. The lecture & guidance were given by Dr Adamantia Panagopoulou who is a Conservator
of Antiquities MSc – PhD researcher in archaeological materials in 'NCRS Demokritos' National Research Institute
& Lieden University in the Netherlands.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5p2DBpQ2gjbKh2AiS3CrDo1KUoOqqeExPX0qpk6gzyX1urXp_G5SxRrEmi1ywRmOhyphenhyphenGAHoB7mgOHQTFK-bvcEIvTZ3d6fiUmFT3MwZdCcfoj3DfnP39yftUMEZyoL06nGQCkbRn7iumg/s1600/TEI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1172" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN5p2DBpQ2gjbKh2AiS3CrDo1KUoOqqeExPX0qpk6gzyX1urXp_G5SxRrEmi1ywRmOhyphenhyphenGAHoB7mgOHQTFK-bvcEIvTZ3d6fiUmFT3MwZdCcfoj3DfnP39yftUMEZyoL06nGQCkbRn7iumg/s400/TEI.jpg" width="292" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
I have gained a lot of knowledge & practical guidance during this course.<br />
Apart from the amazing course, the venue for this workshop which is Zakynthos Island is a very beautiful indeed. I am mesmerized with the beauty of the island. I am glad that I made it for this course otherwise I would have not seen this beautiful island.<br />
Thanks to <strong></strong>Dr<strong> </strong><strong></strong>Angela Pencheva (Balkan Heritage
Foundation & Field School Program Manager) and Dr Christos Karydis (Conservator, TEI of Ionian Islands) for coordinating this amazing workshop.</div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-57832628815523523062017-06-12T17:18:00.002+04:002023-07-18T21:10:02.900+04:00Ancient Artifact Review 100 : Antique Brunei Rice Brass Gantang / Measure dated 1322 AH<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFEOTfXZSCMTcI20Ibl6K8VuNED4oRkdt2oqdCwN8ydRo4DR5-UscUtvwl3JPT3sgUQ2HSztYk98Unh14FW14n1SF-vfpOH62DaqjGk8Yw9BKRhZ2VILbEJgg8BQN_RctHcf4ih9jEx_Ba/s1600/20160612_014812.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="908" data-original-width="1001" height="578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFEOTfXZSCMTcI20Ibl6K8VuNED4oRkdt2oqdCwN8ydRo4DR5-UscUtvwl3JPT3sgUQ2HSztYk98Unh14FW14n1SF-vfpOH62DaqjGk8Yw9BKRhZ2VILbEJgg8BQN_RctHcf4ih9jEx_Ba/s640/20160612_014812.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
This is a large brass container used to measure rice. It is called Gantang in Malay language. It measures at 17cm x 18 cm with weight about 3.10kg.<br />
<br />
This Gantang originated from the Sultanate of Brunei dated 1322 AH ( 1899 CE). There is an inscription written in Jawi in Malay language,<br />
" Inilah gantang perintah Brunei Al Malik Al Adil tarikh fi sanah 1322" translated, " This is the gantang officially ordered by Brunei The Just Ruler in year 1322 AH).</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">The Sultan of Brunei ruling from 1885-1906 CE is Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin Ibni Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPHygZ1a_1ASDVsT5HFe7WMwWzSdkX7bbuNwvJPOCDaertiz0Ko122kYJ6GKctX-qDOiBKGJyK-J-AumZJJtQfUbAMJuYZ1OvvWBXTcjWYFzO5kJ6DfzG67y6LSOjnzIJHS1ZWJFYGL-7A/s1600/20160612_013419.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPHygZ1a_1ASDVsT5HFe7WMwWzSdkX7bbuNwvJPOCDaertiz0Ko122kYJ6GKctX-qDOiBKGJyK-J-AumZJJtQfUbAMJuYZ1OvvWBXTcjWYFzO5kJ6DfzG67y6LSOjnzIJHS1ZWJFYGL-7A/s640/20160612_013419.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
1 Gantang measured about 4.5 litres (dry).<br />
Similar gantang was mentioned in the book " The message and the Monsoon : Islamic Art of Southeast Asia" on page 205. The Gantang was dated 1239 AH( 1823 CE). Other references about the gantang are in michaelbackmanltd.com page under items 3281 & 1304.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgREJifoQI4wt5qFUH0dZBGtWXZqNsd7NMicFkb-_YyOjJFq1BWJUI1sXB_vGOHpGW27TaGkNhgpJTPPbPoqtB8QcjinbY1DZh24f22dFmRvFI4UFSllAiqyY4z30IYfrpLhOmObFvttAns/s1600/20160612_013409.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgREJifoQI4wt5qFUH0dZBGtWXZqNsd7NMicFkb-_YyOjJFq1BWJUI1sXB_vGOHpGW27TaGkNhgpJTPPbPoqtB8QcjinbY1DZh24f22dFmRvFI4UFSllAiqyY4z30IYfrpLhOmObFvttAns/s200/20160612_013409.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimo0B_lehemi-57uDd40LdDuRiECGZI3wUrv_HtNlP3d2B41KhDHARVCQuejoL4kIEnvHSpLKhenE4UAqL_2IBkP18zCOrpjHAuF8tlS97aXLpo6i7upjefpcA_BO_dwj2bEYUMBj1xNap/s1600/20160612_013359.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimo0B_lehemi-57uDd40LdDuRiECGZI3wUrv_HtNlP3d2B41KhDHARVCQuejoL4kIEnvHSpLKhenE4UAqL_2IBkP18zCOrpjHAuF8tlS97aXLpo6i7upjefpcA_BO_dwj2bEYUMBj1xNap/s200/20160612_013359.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
The interesting about the Gantang in my possession is that is has a lid. Most of Gantangs depicted in reference books and some in museums are without the lid.<br />
<br />There are 2 type of Gantang on display in Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia which dated 1321 AH and 1239 AH</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3mLmg6k-SgUmN0023ZwkBkbyAdRGH7VA90KY2V1zEZd7cZm9Pw3r5t_5qaFmqHb73WvJa1tVqt2aVCxGkbnlZxnjhbT-QFXVdi-qIFqpTbtDW6KFJSXUYpBbhkF5Ij-PWTUzeT189pFYH46LseRu3uptCJoZaTIM56Y65ClIfHGtcFw5y__OpjdmNqYHG/s2477/IAMM%20Gantang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1797" data-original-width="2477" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3mLmg6k-SgUmN0023ZwkBkbyAdRGH7VA90KY2V1zEZd7cZm9Pw3r5t_5qaFmqHb73WvJa1tVqt2aVCxGkbnlZxnjhbT-QFXVdi-qIFqpTbtDW6KFJSXUYpBbhkF5Ij-PWTUzeT189pFYH46LseRu3uptCJoZaTIM56Y65ClIfHGtcFw5y__OpjdmNqYHG/w640-h464/IAMM%20Gantang.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<br />
<span class="text"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;"></span></span><span class="text"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;"></span><b><i><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">References:</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia, </span><i><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">The Message and the Monsoon: Islamic Art of Southeast Asia</span></i><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">, IAMM Publications, 2005.<br />Singh, B., </span><i><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">Malay Brassware</span></i><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;">, National Museum of Singapore, 1985.</span></span><br />
<span class="text"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;"></span></span>http://www.michaelbackmanltd.com items 3281 & 1304<br />
<br />
<br />
Dim : 170mm x 180mm<br />
Date : 1322 AH ( 1899 CE)<br />
Material : Cast Brass<br />
Origin : Brunei<br />Price : </div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4880202317884610250.post-73037554191741931632016-08-09T01:24:00.003+04:002016-08-09T01:43:27.167+04:00Antique Coin Review 116 : The first dated Islamic coin from Caliph Uthman Ibn Affan era, 20 reign year of Yazgird III Sassanian / 31 AH ( 652 CE )<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoYlfG15DWBPDlCtFw5fv6-KeVqne3wmpLOCZktgm8oWN7lrGcEcpt5Ht1iPaotC-4J3-XaJ_sv0uiiAFMMBn9VWlt_kjJXrvYlgzrK0Rv3JVibv6C6osZSTHosecHkkBHmkvyEjwrd0p7/s1600/OsmanCoin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoYlfG15DWBPDlCtFw5fv6-KeVqne3wmpLOCZktgm8oWN7lrGcEcpt5Ht1iPaotC-4J3-XaJ_sv0uiiAFMMBn9VWlt_kjJXrvYlgzrK0Rv3JVibv6C6osZSTHosecHkkBHmkvyEjwrd0p7/s640/OsmanCoin.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
This is the first dated coin assigned to the Muslim. This coin was struck during the reign of Caliph Uthman Ibn Affan ( one of prominent companions of Prophet Muhammad pbuh) on Yazdgird III silver drachm. The date on this coin shows regnal year 20 which is the date of Yazgird III death and equivalent to 31AH ( 652 CE). All legends on both sides of this coin were inscribed in Pahlawi except the Arabic verse on the lower right margin on the obverse, بسم الله<br />
Thing to note on this coin, the Muslim kept the Sasanian ruler name and title with the exception of adding the word Bismillah on the margin. The usage of sasanian dirhams continued till the reign of Ummayad. However during the rule of Muawiya. the Sasanian ruler names were removed and replaced with the name of Governors in Pahlawi script.<br />
<b><span class="srTitle">Yazdegerd III</span></b><b>, </b> (died 651, <a class="md-crosslink" href="https://global.britannica.com/place/Merv"><span href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/376494/Merv">Merv</span></a>, Sāsānian Empire) the last king of the Sāsānian dynasty (reigned 632–651), the son of Shahryār and a grandson of <a class="md-crosslink" href="https://global.britannica.com/biography/Khosrow-II"><span href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/316900/Khosrow-II">Khosrow II</span></a>. During Caliph Umar reign, he invited Yazdgird III into Islam however he refused. When Sasanian Empire fell, Yazdgird III fled to the east and was murdered by a robber in 651CE.<br />
<br />
<br />
This is info on Uthman Ibn Affan I get from Aisha Stacey article:<br />
<br />
Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) was the third of
Prophet Muhammad’s successors. He was known as the leader of the
faithful and ruled for approximately 12 years. The first six years were
times of relative tranquillity and peace, however the last years of his
reign were marred by internal conflict, and pockets of rebels trying to
cause havoc throughout the Caliphate.<br />
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) praised his forbearing character and said <b>“After Lot, Uthman is the first man who, with his wife, has given up the comfort of his home for the sake of Allah”.</b>
After some time Uthman and Ruqiayah (may Allah be pleased with them)
returned to Mecca to be with the struggling Muslims and their beloved
father and Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).<br />
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) knew the Quran by heart and had
intimate knowledge of the context and circumstances relating to each
verse. The Quran had been gathered during the time of Abu Bakr and was
in the safekeeping of Prophet Muhammad’s wife Hafsah.<br />
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) took possession of the originals
and ordered some of the most trusted companions to make careful
copies. He then ordered all other unofficial copies to be burned or
otherwise destroyed. Five official copies were sent to the greatest
cities of the Muslim Caliphate. Original copies exist to this day in
Tashkent, Uzbekistan and the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Turkey.<br />
The final six years of Uthman’s reign were marked by rebellion. Some of
the governors that had been appointed during the reign of Uthman were
heavy handed and to some extent unjust. In this way, the seeds of
dissension spread and many of the people began to love the luxuries of
life that Uthman had warned against. Conspiracies arose and it was
difficult for Uthman to discern friend from foe. He was reluctant to
shed the blood of any Muslim however rebellious they may be. Uthman
(may Allah be pleased with him) preferred to persuade with kindness and
generosity for he always remembered the words of Prophet Muhammad (peace
and blessings be upon him): <b>“Once the sword is unsheathed among my followers, it will not be sheathed until the Last Day.”</b><br />
The rebels called for Uthman to step down and indeed many of the
companions advised him to do so. Uthman (may Allah be pleased with
him), now an old man of more than 80 years, heard the words of his
beloved prophet ringing in his ears and refused to stand down from his
position. <b>“Perhaps Allah will clothe you with a shirt, Uthman and if the people want you to take it off, do not take it off for them.” </b><br />
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) remained true to his covenant
but after a long siege, the rebels broke into his house and murdered
him. As the assassin’s sword struck, Uthman (may Allah be pleased with
him) was reciting the following verse.<br />
<b>“So if they believe in the same as you believe in, then they
have been [rightly] guided; but if they turn away, they are only in
dissension, and Allah will be sufficient for you against them. And He is
the Hearing, the Knowing.”</b>(Quran 2:137)<br />
<br />
Check and compare my other Arab-Sasanian coin below :<br />
<a href="http://abudervish.blogspot.ae/2011/11/antique-coin-review-34-umayyad-coin.html">Caliph Muawiya Abu Sufyan Coin</a><br />
<br />
Coin Specs<br />
<br />
Item : Dirham of Caliph Uthman Ibn Affan ( struck on Yazdgird Coin)<br />
Obv :A crowned bust imitating Yazdgird III the Sasanian king<br />
All legends are written in Pahlavi except the Arabic written بسم الله lower right on margin<br />
The word on the left is ' pct-afzud<i>= </i>may his splendor increase<br />
The words on the right is yzdkrt = Yazdgird<br />
Rev :Fire altar; two attendants holding swords, facing. Star to left,
crescent to right. Four crescents <br />
containing stars outside triple
border. Mint name to right . Date to left. Legends in Pahlavi<br />
The word on the left is <i>wyst’</i>= 20 <br />
The word on the right is <i>SK = Sakastan</i><br />
Date : (20 Yazdgird Era), i.e., 31 AH / 652 CE.<br />
Dim : 33 mm<br />
Weight : 4.10gm<br />
Denom : Dirham<br />
Metal : AR<br />
Mint : Sakastan<br />
Rarity : R<br />
Purchased Price : USD </div>
abu dervishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06691257886182670929noreply@blogger.com1