Ancient Artifact Review 114 : Antique Sumatra Parang Wafat / Pedang Rajah / Sumatra Talismanic Short Sword (19th Century)

 

This item is a Parang Wafat (also known as a Parang Rajah or Pedang Rajah), a traditional Sumatran short sword or cleaver-style weapon. This blade belongs to a celebrated class of Indonesian and Malayan ceremonial edge weapons known as Parang Wafat (or Parang Rajah / Pedang Rajah). Unlike standard agricultural or utilitarian parang cleavers, these blades were created as talismanic objects and spiritual shields (rajahan).

The extensive Islamic calligraphy etched and inlaid in gold (koftgari) across the steel surface was believed to imbue the weapon with spiritual protection (barakah or tuah), rendering the bearer safe from physical harm, evil spirits, and defeat in battle.

This Parang Wafat can be dated to the late 19th century to early 20th century (circa 1880–1920).

These blades were heavily produced across the Malay Archipelago—particularly in Sumatra (such as Aceh, Minangkabau, and Palembang) and parts of the Malay Peninsula:

• Colonial Wars: During the late 19th century, particularly during intense anti-colonial resistance periods like the Aceh War (1873–1904), local fighters and leaders (uleebalang and ulama) commissioned blades inscribed with Quranic verses of victory, divine aid, and steadfastness (such as Surah Al-Imran and Surah Yasin) as morale boosters and protective talismans.

• Status & Authority: Carrying an extensively inscribed parang was also a mark of high social standing, spiritual authority, and piety within Islamic Malay society.

• Inscription Style & Technique (Koftgari): The gold leaf/wire inlay application (koftgari) set against dark, acid-etched Damascus steel (pamor) featuring simplified late Naskh/Thuluth calligraphy is characteristic of late 19th-century Sumatran and Malayan arms craftsmanship.

• Hilt and Scabbard Materials: The deeply carved dark hardwood (Kemuning or Ulu) with polished smooth contours and gold brass/copper collar bands (pedok) reflect standard late 19th and early 20th-century Indonesian/Malay Archipelago metalwork.

• Blade & Pamor Metallurgy:

  The lower portion of the blade displays patterned Damascus steel forged from layered iron and nickelous meteoritic ore, known as Pamor. In Indonesian weapons traditions, distinct pamor patterns carry specific mystical qualities (e.g., bringing prosperity or warding off misfortune).

• Calligraphy (Koftgari Inlay): The Arabic verses—including Quran 3:8–9 ("Our Lord, let not our hearts deviate..."), Quran 2:201 ("Our Lord, give us in this world that which is good..."), and the Hawqala—are set into dark, acid-etched iron panels using gold wire inlay (koftgari).

• Serrated Blade Spine:

  The stepped/serrated crest near the tip is a distinctive feature often seen on Sumatran and South-East Asian talismanic blades, symbolizing stepped mountain peaks (gunungan) or protective saw-tooth wards.

Translation of the Blade Inscriptions on the Obverse

The blade contains prominent Arabic Islamic prayers, Quranic verses, and protective formulas (dua / hawqala):

1. Main Middle Line (Top Row)

اللّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ وَأَمْسَيْتُ وَلَذَا أَهِيبُ...

Translation: "O Allah, indeed I have entered the morning and evening [in Your grace and protection]..."

(This is part of a traditional morning and evening supplication seeking divine protection).

2. Main Lower Line (Second Row)

لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ

Translation: "There is no power nor strength except in Allah, the Most High, the Most Magnificent."

(The Hawqala / La Hawla).

3. Blade Tip / Edge Section

Contains repeating fragments of the Shahada (declaration of faith):

لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ

Translation: "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."

 Translation of the Blade Inscriptions on the Reverse

1. Upper Line (Quran 3:8–9)

رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ ۝ رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ جَامِعُ النَّاسِ لِيَوْمٍ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ...

Translation: "Our Lord, let not our hearts deviate after You have guided us and grant us from Yourself mercy. Indeed, You are the Bestower. Our Lord, surely You will gather the people for a Day about which there is no doubt..."

2. Middle / Lower Line (Quran 2:201 & Quran 36:58)

رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ... سَلَامٌ قَوْلًا مِنْ رَبٍّ رَحِيمٍ

Translation: "Our Lord, give us in this world [that which is] good and in the Hereafter [that which is] good and protect us from the punishment of the Fire ... 'Peace,' a word from a Merciful Lord."

3. Blade Tip / Serrated Edge Section

Contains repeating expressions of faith and divine invocations (Tahlil and Hawqala):

لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ ... لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ

Translation: "There is no god but Allah ... There is no power nor strength except in Allah, the Most High, the Most Magnificent."

Ancient Manuscript Review 210 : Antique Arabic Persian Calligraphy / Nasta'liq Khat ( 1226 AH = 1811 CE)

 

This leaf contains two distinct pages showing collection of Persian poetry and Calligraphic Exercises (Siyah Mashq / Bayaz) written in Nasta'liq script.

1. Top Sheet (Top Image)

• Format & Style: Written in diagonal columns with multiple floating verses (bayts) written at varying angles—a classic format for Persian album pages (muraqqa') or personal calligraphic exercise notebooks (bayaz).
  
  
• Script: Delicate Ottoman/Persian Nasta'liq.
  
  
• Seal: On the far-left side, it bears the circular Endowment Seal Stamp (Waqf Seal) of Sayyid al-Hajj Ahmad Hayasat, dated 1226 AH (1811–1812 CE):
  
  

  "هذا الكتاب مما وقف الفاضل المولى السيد الحاج أحمد حياصات – ١٢٢٦"

   

• Content: Persian poetic couplets (ghazal and rubai'at fragments) written in diagonal lines. Key recognizable Persian phrases include:
  
  
  • "خوشتر از ایام عشق ایام نیست..." ("There is no time sweeter than the days of love...")
    
    
  • "در دلم جز آرزوی وصل نیست..." ("In my heart, there is no desire other than union...")
    
    
  • "چو گل بپوشد..." / "ز عشق تو..." ("Like a flower covers..." / "From your love...")
    
    

2. Bottom Sheet (Bottom Image)

• Format & Background: Written on decorative marbled paper (Ebru) framed with an inner illuminated rule (jadwal).
  
  
• Script: Elegant Nasta'liq written in slanting diagonal text blocks (satar-e morakhab).
  
  
• Content: Persian lyrical poetry (Ghazaliyat) exploring mystical love, longing, and spiritual devotion. Key phrase fragments in the diagonal lines include:
  
  
• "طالب وصل تو شد جان و دلم..." ("My soul and heart have become seekers of your union...")
  
  
• "ای که از ناز..." ("O you who with grace...")
  
  
• "چون صبا بر تو گذرد..." ("When the morning breeze passes over you...")
  
  
• "غم عشق تو در دل دارم..." ("I hold the grief of your love in my heart...")

Transcription & Reading of the Seal

1. Central Inner Circle (Main Inscription)

The core inscription inside the central circle consists of 4 lines written in Naskh/Thuluth script:

• Full Reading:

  "هذا الكتاب مما وقف الفاضل المولى السيد الحاج أحمد حياصات"

  (This book is among the waqf endowment of the virtuous master, Sayyid al-Hajj Ahmad Hayasat.)

2. Outer Border (Upper Crescent / Circumferential Inscription)

The upper circular curve contains a pious formula and ownership/endowment text:

وقف لله تعالى على ..or وقف لله تعالى وحسبنا الله .

3. Date / Year Written

• Written Year: Look at the top-left segment inside the outer ring (just above the central circle on the left border). The numerals in Eastern Arabic digits read: ١٢٢٦ (1226 AH).

• Gregorian Equivalent: 1226 AH corresponds to 1811 – 1812 CE.